Time Variant Characteristics of Piston Wind for Billboards Affiliated with Subway Tunnels
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摘要: 为了预测地铁隧道内由活塞风效应引起的广告牌表面风荷载的时变特性，采用计算流体动力学（computational fluid dynamics，CFD）开展了活塞风三维非稳态流动模拟. 基于用户自定义函数（user-defined functions，UDF）定义了列车运行控制与动网格控制程序，搭建了精度更高的活塞风模拟方法，并结合以往的实验与仿真，验证了方法的合理性. 在此基础上根据实际隧道断面建立了全尺寸动网格模型，考虑了不同运行速度下由列车运动引起的流场变化，重点关注地铁隧道内不同位置广告牌表面的静压变化. 研究结果表明，列车经过广告牌时表面静压由正变负，速度增加时会导致广告牌表面的静压显著增大，对于80 km/h的工况静压幅值能超过500 Pa；对于部分以120 km/h运行的地铁，静压幅值超过1 kPa.Abstract: In order to predict the time-variant characteristics of a piston wind for billboards in subway tunnels, a simulation based on computational fluid dynamics was employed to solve the three-dimensional unsteady flow problem. User-defined functions were used to define the movement manipulating the train and the dynamic mesh, thereby leading to the establishment of a more accurate simulation method for the piston wind. The rationality of the method was verified according to previously conducted experiments and simulations by Kim. A full-scale tunnel model was then set up based on a real tunnel cross-section. Different train speeds were taken into account to analyse the flow field changes caused by train movements, thus focusing on the changes of the static pressure on the billboard surfaces in subway tunnels. The results show that speed increases cause the static pressure on the billboards to increase significantly, thus changing from positive to negative when the train passes by. The static pressure amplitudes exceed 500 Pa for train speeds of 80 km/h and 1 kPa for some subways at an operating speed of 120 km/h.
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Key words:
- piston wind /
- dynamic mesh /
- billboard /
- computational fluid dynamics /
- numerical simulation
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图 5 不同监测点压力系数Cp的对比
Figure 5. Comparisons of pressure coefficients Cp at monitored points
图 12 不同速度下压力系数时变曲线
Figure 12. Pressure coefficient CP versus time for different velocities
图 13 不同位置处广告牌的压力系数变化曲线
Figure 13. Pressure coefficient Cp versus time for each billboard
表 1 4种计算工况
Table 1. Four calculation conditions
工况 运行
速度/
(km•h–1)加速
时间/s时间/s 步长/s 仿真
时间/s过1号
广告牌过2号
广告牌过3号
广告牌1 40 11.11 15.47 43.37 71.28 0.010 100 2 60 16.67 14.83 33.54 52.14 0.010 60 3 80 22.22 14.83 30.02 43.97 0.005 60 4 120 33.34 14.83 28.99 38.57 0.005 50 
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表 2 各广告牌中心监测点处CP值
Table 2. Listing of CP values on monitored points for each billboard
工况 运行速度/
(km•h–1)1号广告牌中心监测点 2号广告牌中心监测点 3号广告牌中心监测点 最大值 最小值 稳定值 最大值 最小值 稳定值 最大值 最小值 稳定值 1 40 1.4 –1.2 –0.2 0.9 –1.2 –0.3 0.2 –1.2 –0.4 2 60 1.8 –2.8 –0.4 1.4 –2.7 –0.7 0.7 –2.7 –0.9 3 80 1.8 –4.8 –0.7 2.0 –4.8 –1.1 1.0 –4.8 –1.6 4 120 1.8 –4.8 –1.5 2.7 –11.6 –2.6 1.6 –11.4 –3.7
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表 3 各广告牌压力值
Table 3. Values of static pressure for each billboard
工况 运行速度/
(km•h–1)1号广告牌 2号广告牌 3号广告牌 最大值 最小值 幅值 最大值 最小值 幅值 最大值 最小值 幅值 1 40 105.9 –90.7 196.6 68.1 –90.7 158.8 15.1 –90.7 105.8 2 60 136.1 –211.7 347.8 105.9 –204.2 310.1 52.9 –204.2 257.1 3 80 136.1 –363.0 499.1 151.2 –363.0 514.2 75.6 –363.0 438.6 4 120 136.1 –363.0 499.1 204.2 –877.2 1081.4 121 –862.1 983.1
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