Wear and Damage Mechanism of Wheel-Rail Materials Based on Contact Zone Energy Dissipation
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摘要: 为了建立轮轨磨损与损伤实验的统一标准，在目前实验方法研究轮轨磨损与损伤机制的基础上，提出了基于接触斑能量耗散轮轨磨损与损伤机制的分析方法. 针对轮轨磨损与损伤实验缺乏统一标准的现状，对不同实验方法获得的磨损与损伤结果进行对比分析；通过对不同实验结果的对比分析，提出了基于接触斑能量耗散轮轨磨损与损伤机制的分析方法，并分析了不同轮轨材料与实验方法的单位面积轮轨接触斑耗散能-磨损率曲线的变化规律. 研究结果表明：根据轮轨材料的单位面积轮轨接触斑耗散能-磨损率变化曲线规律及轮轨损伤特征，可将轮轨磨损划分为3个分区：轻微磨损、严重磨损、灾难性磨损，单位面积轮轨接触斑耗散能-磨损率曲线在实际应用中可预测轮轨磨损；轮轨接触斑耗散能准确地表征轮轨磨损率和损伤形式，可用于轮轨磨损与损伤数据的对比分析.Abstract: In order to establish a uniform standard for wheel-rail wear and damage experiments, an analytic technique for wheel-rail wear and damage is put forward on the wear and damage mechanisms. As there is currently no wheel-rail wear and damage experiment standard, the wear and damage results from various current experimental methods are comparatively analyzed. Using the results of this comparative analysis, an analysis method for wheel-rail wear and damage mechanisms based on contact spot energy dissipation is proposed. Furthermore, the change rule of the relationship between contact spot energy dissipation unit area and wear rate is discussed for different wheel-rail materials and experimental methods. The results show that, on the basis of the relationship between contact spot energy dissipation unit area and wear rate and the damage characteristics of wheel-rail materials, wheel-rail wear can be divided into three types: mild wear, severe wear, and disastrous wear. Furthermore, the curve between contact spot energy dissipation unit area and wear rate can be used to predict wheel-rail wear in practical application. The wear rate and type of damage of wheel-rail material are analyzed accurately by the wheel-rail contact spot dissipation energy, which as be used to the data comparative analysis of wheel-rail wear and damage.
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Key words:
- wheel-rail wear /
- damage mechanism /
- standard experimental method /
- energy dissipation
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图 2 日本轮轨滚动磨损试验装置示意
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of Japan wheel-rail rolling wear testing device
图 3 不同材料的磨损率结果对比
Figure 3. Comparisons of wear rate results under different material conditions
图 4 不同试验机钢轨Tγ/A-磨损率对比（U71Mn）
Figure 4. Comparisons of Tγ/Avs. wear rate of rail material (U71Mn) on different testing machines
图 6 不同磨损阶段下车轮试样损伤SEM照片
Figure 6. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of damage on wheel roller at different wear stages.
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