An Improved LBP Feature for Rail Fastener Identification
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摘要: 为了提高铁路扣件基于视觉的自动化检测精度，提出了一种改进的LBP （local binary pattern）编码算法. 该方法为了避免基本LBP对噪声敏感问题，根据不同邻域的不同噪声强度，结合测量误差服从高斯分布的原则，计算邻域内像素均值和偏差；根据偏差大小，自动设置阈值，实现自适应噪声抑制. 为了避免基本LBP表达邻域差分关系不完整的缺陷，提出了利用邻域内随机采样的方式得到采样点对，通过比较随机点对的差分关系得到LBP编码. 对在晴天、阴天、雨天等不同天气条件下的铁路扣件图像上进行实验，并与原始以及其他改进LBP进行比较. 结果表明，本文的算法具有更高的检测准确率，晴天提高了3.32%，阴天提高了3.27%，雨天提高了4.10%，能够满足铁路扣件自动化检测的需要.Abstract: An improved LBP (local binary pattern) algorithm is proposed to raise the auto-detection accuracy on fasteners. The original LBP is sensitive to noise. To solve this problem, the pixel means value and deviation are calculated, according to the different noise in different neighborhood and the measuring error is following the Gaussian distribution. Then the threshold is set to realize adaptive noise suppression, according to the deviation values. The original LBP cannot completely express the neighboring difference relationship. To avoid this defect, the proposed method gets the sampled point pairs by random sampling in neighborhood. Then LBP coding is generated through comparing the difference relationship of random point pairs. Tests are carried on fasteners images on clear, cloudy and rainy days with original and other improved LBP algorithms. The comparing results show the proposed method owns more detection accuracy. The detection accuracies increase by 3.32%, 3.27% and 4.10% independently on clear, cloudy and rainy days, which shows the proposed method can meet auto-detection on railway fasteners.
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Key words:
- LBP /
- anti-noise /
- fastener /
- image recognition /
- image detection
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图 7 扣件图像不同阈值下3种编码方式的识别率
Figure 7. Fastener Recognition rates of three coding methods with different thresholds
表 1 晴天扣件识别率
Table 1. Fastener recognition on clear day
方法 识别率/% LBP 89.35 LBPU2 90.46 LTP 91.85 DLBP 90.89 FLBP 91.42 NRLBP 93.62 本文方法 96.94 
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表 3 雨天扣件识别率
Table 3. Fastener recognition on rainy day
方法 识别率/% LBP 75.16 LBPU2 77.32 LTP 80.52 DLBP 79.06 FLBP 79.45 NRLBP 81.23 本文方法 85.33
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表 2 阴天扣件识别率
Table 2. Fastener recognition on cloudy day
方法 识别率/% LBP 85.76 LBPU2 86.59 LTP 88.03 DLBP 86.95 FLBP 88.72 NRLBP 89.57 本文方法 92.84
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