Vibration Reduction Effect of Stepped V-Cut Blasting
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摘要: 为研究隧道楔形分段掏槽爆破方法的减振效率，基于岩体微差破岩理论，推导楔形分段掏槽爆破参数的确定方法，并运用LS-DYNA3D程序对楔形常规掏槽爆破和楔形分段掏槽爆破时爆破近区应力波传播过程及质点振动速度进行仿真计算分析，结合数值模拟结果和工程实际情况，开展楔形常规掏槽爆破和楔形分段掏槽爆破现场对比试验，结果表明：楔形分段掏槽爆破中炮孔底部有效应力峰值和压缩破坏深度分别约为楔形常规掏槽爆破的1.64倍和1.66倍，槽腔更易达到设计深度；模型中岩体顶面和背面平均减振效率分别达到11.53%和22.45%，但侧面平均减振率仅0.21%；楔形分段掏槽爆破方法可将掏槽爆破振动强度降低30%以上，且施工效率略有提高.Abstract: The aim of this research is to study the vibration reduction effect of stepped V-cut blasting (SV-cut) in tunnel blasting. Firstly, the method for determining SV-cut blasting parameters are provided based on the rock millisecond blasting theory. Secondly, numerical computation models for both traditional vertical V-cut blasting (V-cut) and SV-cut blasting are established using the explicit dynamic finite element program LS-DYNA3D. Finally, combined with numerical simulation results and engineering practice, in-situ contrast blasting experiments and vibration tests using both V-cut and SV-cut blasting were performed. The results of the study indicate that the peak Von Mises stress and compression damage range at the bottom of the cut cavity for SV-cut blasting are 1.64 times and 1.66 times larger than that for V-cut blasting, respectively, which results in a more complete cut cavity with SV-cut blasting. At the top and back side of the model, the vibration reduction effectiveness of SV-cut blasting is up to 11.53% and 22.45%, respectively; however, the vibration reduction effectiveness is only 0.21% at the lateral side. SV-cut blasting can not only enable perfect blasting drivage but can also reduce the vibration intensity induced by cut hole blasting by at least 30%.
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图 1 楔形分段掏槽装药结构及爆破过程示意
Figure 1. Charging structure and blasting process of SV-cut blasting
图 4 力及振速监测点布置(单位:cm)
Figure 4. Sketch of stress & vibration monitoring points (unit: cm)
图 8 掘进爆破试验方案及振动测点布置(单位:cm)
Figure 8. Blasting experiment schemes and vibration monitoring point arrangement(unit: cm)
表 1 岩体物理参数
Table 1. Physical parameters of rock
参数 数值 密度/(kg·m-3) 2 650 弹性模量/GPa 37.4 泊松比 0.25 屈服强度/MPa 24.52 切线模量/GPa 4.5 硬化系数 1.0 动态抗压强度/MPa 95.7 动态抗拉强度/MPa 15 应变率参数/(s-1) 2.63 应变率参数/(s-1) 3.96 
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表 2 炮泥物理参数
Table 2. Physical parameters of stemming
参数 数值 密度/(kg·m-3) 1 850 剪切模量/MPa 20 泊松比 0.28 摩擦角/rad 0.56 黏聚力/MPa 0.18
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表 3 炸药参数
Table 3. Input parameters of explosives
密度/(kg·m-3) 爆速/(m·s-3) 爆压/GPa JWL状态方程参数 A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 E0/GPa 1 100 4 000 4 214.4 0.182 4.15 0.95 4.19
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表 4 岩体质点振动合速度峰值
Table 4. Peak resultant-velocity of rock particle
m/s 对象 侧面测点 顶面测点 背面测点 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 楔形常规掏槽 0.51 0.70 1.95 1.85 1.41 0.76 1.62 1.6 1.05 1.40 1.94 1.72 1.40 0.85 — 楔形分段掏槽 0.48 0.71 0.68 1.29 1.42 0.74 1.43 1.46 1.04 0.95 1.96 1.39 0.94 0.52 — 减振率/% 0.06 -0.01 0.65 0.30 -0.01 2.63 11.73 3.13 0.95 33.57 -1.03 19.19 32.86 38.82 —
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表 5 现场爆破试验参数
Table 5. Blasting parameters of field blasting experiments
炮孔名称 孔数/个 孔深/m 孔长/m 方案1:楔形常规掏槽爆破 方案2:楔形分段掏槽爆破 单孔药量/kg 小计/kg 段别 单孔药量/kg 小计/kg 段别 掏槽孔 8 2.4 2.78 1.8 14.4 1 1.4 11.2 外层1、内层3 辅助掏槽孔 8 2.2 2.28 1.4 11.2 5 1.4 11.2 5 掘进孔Ⅰ 10 2.2 2.28 1.2 12.0 7 1.2 12.0 7 掘进孔Ⅱ 10 2.2 2.20 1.2 12.0 9 1.2 12.0 9 掘进孔Ⅲ 12 2.2 2.20 1.2 14.4 11 1.2 14.4 11 周边孔 33 2.2 2.20 0.5 16.5 13 0.5 16.5 13 底孔 8 2.2 2.20 1.2 9.6 15 1.2 9.6 15 合计 89 — — — 90.1 — — 86.9 —
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表 6 掏槽爆破振速峰值现场测试结果统计
Table 6. Statistical results of PPV induced by cut-blasting
cm/s 位置 楔形常规掏槽爆破 楔形分段掏槽爆破 平均减振率/% 1 2 3 4 5 6 竖向 3.36 2.69 3.12 1.19 1.06 1.14 63.03 纵向 2.32 2.60 2.08 1.66 1.60 1.59 30.71 径向 3.99 3.14 3.67 1.65 1.82 1.74 51.76 矢量合 4.18 3.36 3.73 1.72 1.91 1.78 51.99
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