Effects of Biochar on Hydrologic Performance of Bioretention
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摘要: 为了研究生物炭的添加对生物滞留池雨水下渗、持水能力及水力停留时间的影响，在一野外中试生物滞留池中加入了4%（w/w）的生物炭，对该生物滞留池进行了导水率测试和3次溴示踪模拟降雨实验.研究结果表明：与无生物炭的对照组相比，生物炭的施用将填料土的饱和导水率增大了1.5倍；生物滞留池的水力停留时间延长了近1 h；渗流区的体积含水量增加了11%~23%；施用生物炭可全面提高生物滞留池的水力表现，避免溢流，削减洪峰，增加保水，减少雨水径流的排放.Abstract: A pilot-scale bioretention system with 4% (w/w) biochar amendment was installed to evaluate the impact of the biochar on the bioretention in the aspects of runoff infiltration, water retention and hydraulic residence time. Hydraulic conductivity tests and three bromide tracer experiments were conducted in the pilot-scale bioretention system. Results show that:compared to the control group, the saturated hydraulic conductivity of filter medium with the biochar amendment increased by 1.5 times, the hydraulic retention time of the bioretention increased by nearly 1 h, and the volumetric water content of vadose zone increased by 11%-23%. Using the biochar can improve the hydraulic performance of the bioretention, avoid overflow, mitigate peak flow, increase water retention and reduce the discharge of runoff.
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Key words:
- biochar /
- bioretention /
- urban runoff /
- hydraulic conductivity /
- hydraulic retention time /
- water retention
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图 2 中试生物滞留系统侧剖图及监测采样示意图(单位:cm)
Figure 2. Section view of a pilot-scale bioretention system and sampling points (unit: cm)
表 1 填料土理化性质
Table 1. Physicochemical properties of filter media
性质 对照组 实验组 砂/% 93.73 93.62 粉砂/% 1.04 1.17 黏土/% 5.24 5.21 D50/mm 0.53 0.53 pH 4.87±0.04 7.88±0.06 有机质/% 2.79±0.28 5.20±0.39 容重/(g·cm-3) 1.45±0.06 1.35±0.05 总孔隙率/(v·v-1) 0.39±0.03 0.50±0.01 CEC/(cmol·kg-1) 5.44±0.01 7.20±0.34 
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表 2 田间实验过程及溴和硝态氮在不同阶段的平均施用浓度
Table 2. Procedures of the field tests and the mean concentrations of Br and NO3 -N at different stages
实验次序 实验日期 总时长/h 稳流阶段 脉冲阶段 回收阶段 时长/h Br/(mg·L-1) NO3-N/(mg·L-1) 时长/h Br/(mg·L-1) NO3-N/(mg·L-1) 时长/h Br/(mg·L-1) NO3-N/(mg·L-1) 1 2015-04-05 24 3.0 0 2.5 0.5 92.8 12.4 20.5 0 2.5 2 2015-06-29 36 3.0 0 1.7 0.5 89.9 10.7 32.5 0 1.6 3 2015-08-12 26 3.7 0 2.5 0.5 99.8 23.6 22.0 0 22.5
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表 3 中试生物滞留池水力表现
Table 3. Hydraulic performance of pilot-scale bioretention
实验时期 组别 Br回收率/% 水力停留时间/h 渗流区持水量/L 2015-04-05 对照组 89.0 7.0 150 实验组 83.7 7.9 185 2015-06-29 对照组 90.0 6.3 178 实验组 81.0 7.0 197 2015-08-12 对照组 86.4 4.1 177 实验组 80.6 7.3 200 均值 对照组 88.5±1.9 5.8±1.5 168±15.9 实验组 81.8±1.7 7.4±0.5 194±7.9
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