Physical and Mechanical Properties of Mud Pumping Soils in Railway Subgrade Bed
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摘要: 随着列车提速和轴重大幅增加，基床出现翻浆冒泥病害的几率加大.为了进一步研究翻浆冒泥发生机理和探究其发生条件，系统研究了60多组翻浆冒泥实例，分析了翻浆冒泥土的颗粒组成、可塑性指标、渗透性及矿物成分等物理力学性质.研究结果表明：翻浆冒泥土中，绝大部分黏粒含量大于20%、粉粒含量大于20%，黏粒含量大于30%和粉粒含量大于40%的土所占数量最多；翻浆冒泥土中粉粒的含量一般要高于黏粒含量；翻浆冒泥土（主要包括砂黏土、粉质黏土、黏土和部分低液限粉质黏土）液限大于23%，塑性指数大于6.5；翻浆冒泥土渗透系数小于1.0×10-5 m/s；翻浆冒泥土的渗透系数与细颗粒含量之间存在较好的负指数关系.Abstract: Substantial increase in train speed and axle load may result in an increase in the probability of occurrence of the mud pumping problem in subgrade bed. In this study, to further study the mechanisms and occurrence conditions of the mud pumping problem, more than 60 mud pumping samples reported in published literature were studied systematically. Further, the physical and mechanical properties of mud pumping soils, such as particle composition, plasticity index, permeability, and mineral composition were analysed and summarized. The results indicate the following:For the most mud pumping soils, clay and silt particle content is greater than 20%; soils with clay content greater than 30% and silt content greater than 40% account for the largest proportion of the samples. In mud pumping soils, the silt content is generally greater than the clay content. The liquid limit is more than 23%, and plasticity index greater than 6.5, i.e., sandy clay, silty clay, clay and part of low liquid limit silty clay. Generally, the permeability coefficient of mud pumping soils is less than 1.0×10-5 m/s. The permeability coefficient and fine particle content show good negative exponential correlation.
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Key words:
- mud pumping /
- particle composition /
- liquid limit /
- plasticity index /
- permeability coefficient
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图 1 基床土颗粒三因分类图
Figure 1. Particle size distribution of subgrade bed soils in mud pumping
图 5 渗透系数k与细颗粒含量P的关系
Figure 5. Relation between the permeability coefficient k and fine particle content P
表 1 主要重载国家重载列车轴重和车长
Table 1. Typical heavy haul railway freight trains including axle loads and length worldwide
国家 轴重/t 列车长(车辆数)/辆 美国与加拿大 33.0 130~140 澳大利亚 35.0~40.0 200~240 南非 26.0~30.0 200~216 巴西 27.5~32.5 330 瑞典 30.0 68 中国 25.0~27.0 210 
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表 2 翻浆冒泥土的物理性质
Table 2. Physical properties of mud pumping soils
序号 土名 颗粒组成及矿物成分 液限
WL/%塑性指数Ip 含水率w/% 渗透系数k/
(×10-6cm·s-1)自由膨胀率Fs/% 饱和度
Sr/%密度ρ/
(g·cm-3)土粒相对密度 孔隙比e 参考文献 1 非有机质黏土 P0.420=93.7%,
P0.074=77.0%43.0 21.0 13.0 — 2.81 [25] 2 粉质黏土 细颗粒含量P=10.0% 49.0 26.0 2.74 [13] 3
4砂土 P(砂=80.0%, 粉粒和黏粒=20.0%) 45.0
40.027.0
21.0[26] 5
6
7黏土 48.0
45.0
48.030.0
22.0
29.0[27] 8 超固结海洋钙质黏土 P0.063=95.0% 44.0 24.0 [28] 9 黄色粉质低液限黏土 P(粉粒=60.0~70.0%,
黏粒=20.0%~26.0%,
砂粒=12.0%)25.4 9.1 [29] 10 棕色粉质低液限黏土 28.4 9.5 11 黏土 P(粉粒=62.0%,
黏粒=37.0%)44.2 23.6 3.40 12 火山灰黏土 P(粉粒=50.6%,
黏粒=46.7%)49.4 21.7 2.71 [30] 13 膨胀土 P(砂粒=8.3%~24.6%,
粉粒=42.6%~63.8%,
黏粒=23.2%~39.2%)56.3~60.5 38.6~42.5 81.6 [31] 14 膨胀土 伊利石为主,
少量高岭石,
微量蒙脱石P(砂粒=8.2%,
粉粒=49.8%,
黏粒=42.0%)[32] 15 P(砂粒=11.5%,
粉粒=54.0%,
黏粒=34.5%)36.5 20.0 22.5 39.0~70.0 82.0 1.86 0.65 16 P(砂粒=7.5%,
粉粒=47.5%,
黏粒=45.0%)40.6 20.5 21.1 35.0~80.0 80.2 1.98 0.79 17 P(砂粒=35.5%,
粉粒=44.3%,
黏粒=20.2%)31.0 14.6 24.6 49.0 83.0 1.89 0.80 18 39.0 20.0 19.4 30.0~50.0 74.4 1.87 0.79 19 35.3 15.3 19.4 49.0 87.7 2.03 0.61 20 38.0 15.5 22.9 49.0 71.6 1.86 0.87 21 43.8 21.3 23.0 7.7~77.0 72.7 1.87 0.88 22 中等膨胀性土 蒙脱石含量=24.36% 45.5 20.1 80.0 [33] 23 弱膨胀性土 蒙脱石含量=16.7% 49.5 19.0 51.0 24 黏土 P(粉粒＞50.0%,
黏粒＞20.0%)158.0 70.0 2.46 2.22 25 75.0 33.0 0.45 2.66 [34] 26 53.0 23.0 0.48 2.68 27 黏土 主要矿物成份为拜来石、伊利石, 高岭土占有一定的比例 44.1 20.1 29.0 [24] 28 黏土 土渗透性差, 亲水性强,
遇水易膨胀软化,
粉黏粒含量大于70.0%,
矿物成分以高岭石为主＞12.0 ＞60.00 [6] 29 中膨胀性土 P(黏粒=87.0%) 60.0 23.0 75.0 2.62 [35] 30 黏土 P(黏粒＞87.9%) 49.0 19.5 31 黏土 36.1 20.7 22.5 1.85 0.69 [36] 32 38.2 22.9 19.0 33 36.2 20.8 21.3 29.0 1.97 0.69 34 35.4 18.7 23.6 1.87 0.71 35 33.6 18.0 22.4 33.0 1.93 0.74 36 34.9 20.2 23.4 36.0 1.95 0.77 37 砂黏土 P(砾粒=43.6%,
砂粒=45.9%, 粉粒=7.6%, 黏粒=3.0%)26.9 19.1 21.5 368.00 17.0 100 0.49 [37] 39 P(砾粒=25.9%,
砂粒=49.5%, 粉粒=23.6%, 黏粒=15.5%)26.9 17.9 17.0 670.00 29.0 88.7 0.52 39 砂土 P(砾粒=11.4%, 砂粒=61.1%, 粉粒= 9.0%, 黏粒=4.0%) 28.6 6.5 20.1 386.00 100.0 0.53 40 黏土 P(砂粒=19.0%, 粉粒= 44.0%, 黏粒=37.0%) 39.5 17.6 1.31~3.60 76.2 0.73 41 砂土 P(砂粒=13.0%, 粉粒= 49.2%, 黏粒=44.0%) 31.0 14.2 84.0 0.80 42 粉黏土 P(砂粒=10.0%, 粉粒= 46.0%, 黏粒=44.0%) 36.2 16.0 1.50 85.1 0.63 43 28.0 15.0 15.3* 0.05 12.2 1.77* 44 砂土 P(砾粒=26.5%,
砂粒=55.4%, 粉粒= 7.3%, 黏粒=2.8%)23.7 18.2 13.5 368.00 22.0 100.0 0.32 45 P(砾粒=32.3%, 砂粒=59.7%, 粉粒= 5.4%, 黏粒=2.6%) 25.71 14.9 900.00 25.0 74.0 0.54 46 黏土 P(砂粒=15.0%, 粉粒= 45.0%, 黏粒=40.0%) 43.8 21.3 15.80~76.30 72.2 0.88 47
48弱膨胀性土 28.0
24.013.0
13.00.05
0.0512.2
12.3[38] 49 4处黏土,
5处砂黏土32.6~34.3 14.1~17.6 [23] 50 中等膨胀性土 P(粉黏粒＞95.0%) 28.0~52.6 14.0~27.1 0.95~10.50 42.0~65.0 [39] 51 黏土 主要是蒙脱石和伊利石, 以蒙脱石为主 31.8 15.4 [40] 52 44.7 23.7 53 39.0 20.8 54 35.0 16.1 55 33.5 15.2 56 33.0 15.7 57 35.4 16.2 58 33.7 18.2 59 粉质黏土 细粒含量＜0.08 mm=95.0% 27.0 11.0 16.0* 33.00~139.00 1.78* [16] 60 砂土 P(砾粒=8%, 砂粒= 82.0%, 粉粒=10.0%) 27.8 46.5 1.45 [41] 61 粉质黏土 25.0 7.4 78.0 [42] 62 低液限粉质黏土 23.1~23.1 7.4 16.0~-29.6 1.88~1.90* [43] 63 粉质黏土 P(砂粒=15.6%, 粉粒= 78.4%, 黏粒=6.0%) 32.0 12.0 16.8 1.68 2.72 [44] 64 P(砂粒=1.6%, 粉粒= 97.4%, 黏粒=1.0%) 32.0 14.0 24.5 1.63 2.69 注:P为质量百分数，P0.420、P0.074、P0.063分别指颗粒粒径小于0.420、0.074 mm和0.063 mm的质量百分数; 黏粒指粒径小于0.002 mm的颗粒; 粉粒指粒径大于0.002 mm小于0.050 mm的颗粒; 砂粒指粒径大于0.050 mm小于2.000 mm的颗粒; 砾粒指粒径大于2.000 mm的颗粒; *表示最优含水率或最大干密度.
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