面向GIS应用的铁路工程三维信息模型数据交换方法

李浩; 赵国堂; 范丁元; 范登科

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2018.01.024

面向GIS应用的铁路工程三维信息模型数据交换方法

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2018.01.024

李浩^1,2,,
赵国堂³,
范丁元⁴,
范登科⁵

详细信息

作者简介:
李浩(1980-), 男, 高级工程师, 研究方向为道路与铁道工程, 电话:18903063399, E-mail:18903063399@189.cn

中图分类号: U212
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2018-02-25

Data Exchange Method of Railway Engineering Information Model for GIS Applications

摘要

摘要: 为实现铁路三维信息模型在不同平台之间的互操作和信息共享，提出了一种基于多元信息分离和独立存储、支持简化层次细节和场景构建的模型数据交换方法RIMTrans.首先，从RIM各单元要素中提取描述几何特征的参数，通过快速网格化等算法将其转换为GIS需要的Mesh数据；其次，建立IFC与RIM语义之间的映射关系，保证了数据交换过程中语义信息的完整性；第三，引用IFC规定的属性定义和描述方式作为标准交换格式，实现属性信息的传递；最后，以语义为主导，从几何、属性、语义3个方面对RIM进行了多层次细节简化.通过选择某铁路工程设计工点案例区域，采用RIMTrans方法开展了设计阶段信息模型的格式转换实验，结果表明，本文提出的数据交换方法灵活可控，三维模型中附带的铁路工程语义信息完整性可达85%，与传统作业方式相比，RIM信息模型的转换时间耗用降低70%，集成到三维GIS场景中的准确度达100%.
- 铁路工程三维信息模型 /
- 格式转换 /
- GIS /
- RIM
Abstract: In order to realize interoperability and information sharing between different platforms, we propose a model data exchange method (called RIMTrans) supporting level of details (LoDs) and scene construction, based on multiple information separation and independent storage. First, parameters describing geometric features were extracted from elements of the Railway Engineering 3D Information Model (RIM), and the Mesh data needed for Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was transformed by fast meshing. Second, the mapping relationship between Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and RIM semantics was established to ensure the integrity of semantic information during the data exchange process. Third, the attribute definition and description mode specified by IFC were used as the standard exchange format to realize the transmission of attribute information. Finally, RIMs were simplified as mult-level detailed GIS models from the geometric, attribute, and semantic aspects. By selecting a case area of a railway engineering design work station, we adopted the RIMTrans method to carry out the format conversion experiment of the design phase information model. The results show that the data exchange method proposed in this paper is flexible and controllable. The integrity of the railway project semantic information in the 3D model is up to 85%. Compared with the traditional operation mode, the conversion time of the RIM is reduced by 70%, and the accuracy when RIM is integrated into the 3D scene is as high as 100%.
- railway engineering 3D information model /
- format transformation /
- GIS /
- RIM

HTML全文

图 1 不同表达法剖面效果展示

Figure 1. Profile effects by using different expressions

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图 2 RIMTrans数据交换技术流程

Figure 2. RIMTrans data exchange technology process

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图 3 RIMTrans几何信息转换流程

Figure 3. RIMTrans geometric information conversion process

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图 4 通过分析面要素间的拓扑关系删除冗余几何部分

Figure 4. Geometrical redundancy eradication via analysis of topological relations between surfaces

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图 5 拟合精度D_frag对Mesh结果的影响

Figure 5. Effect of fitting accuracy D_frag on Mesh

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图 6 拟合样式(Fan、Strip、Isolate)组合为Mesh结构

Figure 6. Fitting pattern (Fan, Strip, Isolate) of Mesh structure

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图 7 RIMTrans中RIM语义信息内容与交换方法

Figure 7. RIM semantic information contents and exchange method in RIMTrans

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图 8 属性信息交换及与几何特征关联过程

Figure 8. Associate process of attribute information exchange and geometric characteristics

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图 9 铁路桥梁结构模型的简化处理过程(从三级装配简化到二级装配)

Figure 9. Simplified process of structural model of railway bridge (from three-level assembly to secondary assembly)

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图 10 实验采用的RIM模型几何造型

Figure 10. RIM models used in the experiment

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图 11 实验数据在Skyline TerraExplorer中的集成效果

Figure 11. Experimental results in Skyline TerraExplorer

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表 1 IFC实体类型与RIM桥梁部分实体类型的映射关系

Table 1. Mapping relationship between IFC entity type and part of RIM bridge entity type

IFC实体类型	RIM实体类型	语义描述
IfcBuilding	IfcBridge	桥梁
IfcBuildingElementProxy	IfcBridgeBearing	支座
IfcBuildingElementProxy	IfcBridgeBedStone	支撑垫石
IfcBuildingElementProxy	IfcBridgeEmbedded PartsFoundation	预埋件基础
IfcBuildingElementProxy	IfcBridgePierSegment	桥墩节段
IfcBuildingStorey	IfcBridgeElement Assembly	桥梁组合件
IfcBuildingStorey	IfcBridgePart	桥梁结构组成

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表 2 实验RIM模型数据概况

Table 2. Overview of experimental RIM model data

文件标识	所属工程类型	里程长度/m	包含构件类型	包含构件数量	包含属性集类型数
QL	桥梁	105.80	桩、桥台、桥墩、支座、支撑垫石、桥梁板件、锥体、梁段等	68	5
SD	隧道	986.83	超前支护、初期支护、衬砌结构、洞门结构、仰拱填充、系统钢架等	431	10
GD	轨道	4 127.64	轨枕、钢轨、扣件、轨道板等	15 282	11
LJ	路基	2 362.48	路基本体、边坡防护、支挡结构、过渡段、路基填筑体等	558	5

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表 3 多层次细节简化实验结果

Table 3. Experimental results of multi-level detail facilitation

文件标识	简化处理前		简化处理后		简化三角面数百分比/%
文件标识	Mesh三角面数量	内存耗用/MB	Mesh三角面数量	内存耗用/MB	简化三角面数百分比/%
QL	4 812	3.212	5 193	3.487	-7.92
SD	21 386	13.134	17 021	10.673	20.41
GD	27 341	16.937	33 268	20.822	-21.68
LJ	15 376	9.761	14 934	9.480	2.87

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表 4 实验测试与评价结果

Table 4. Experimental test and evaluation results

文件标识	不同拟合精度参数的转换时间/(时:分:秒)			完整性			正确性
文件标识	D_frag=0.2	D_frag=0.5	D_frag=0.8	几何	语义	属性	几何	语义	属性
QL	00:05:35	00:03:48	00:02:04	◎	◎	◎	●	●	●
SD	00:34:51	00:29:27	00:20:52	◎	◎	◎	●	●	●
GD	02:47:29	01:55:42	01:11:31	●	●	●	●	●	●
LJ	01:28:13	00:58:38	00:37:25	●	●	●	●	●	●
注:●表示完全符合; ◎表示对应符合.

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