Site Selection Method of Booster Substations by Integrating Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process with 3D Geographic Information System
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摘要: 为了克服传统风电场升压站选址方法的局限性，基于模糊层次分析选址综合评价方法，在三维GIS中对升压站的选址进行了可行性比对分析. 首先从施工成本、选址地形因子、灾害指标、临近资源及障碍区域五个类别的准则建立风电场升压站选址递阶层次结构；其次集成三维地理信息系统与模糊层次分析法构建一种新的选址评估模型；通过预设几何初选规则获取模型输入参数，最终解算模糊评价矩阵实现升压变电站自动选址. 通过对不同地形的已建成风电场升压变电站选址结果进行比对研究实验表明：以风机分布区域范围内的2 m分辨率的数字高程模型作为实验数据，系统解算时间均在10 min内. 平原最佳选址的站址评分为0.957 8优于已建成站址评分0.941 2；山地最佳选址的站址评分为0.743 5优于已建成站址0.706 8. 该方法有效地提升了选址的时间效率且具备较高的精准性及较好的适用性.Abstract: In order to overcome the limitations of the traditional selection method of booster substations on wind farms and realize an efficient and low-cost site selection of booster substations, feasibility analyses of candidate sites selected for booster substations are conducted in 3D geographic information system (GIS) based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. First, a hierarchical structure of the site selection of booster substations is defined from five aspects: construction cost, disaster index, location factor, obstacle area and adjacent resources. Then, a new siting evaluation model is established by integrating the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process with 3D GIS to realize the evaluation. The model input parameter are obtained by presetting the geometric primary selection rules, and finally the fuzzy evaluation matrix is solved to realize the automatic location selection of the boost substation. Comparing the experimental results of site selection of booster substations on wind farms built in different terrains shows that the calculation time is within 10 min using digital elevation model with 2 m resolution in the fan area. The optimal site score of plain is 0.957 8, which is better than that of the actual built site (0.941 2); the optimal site score of mountain is 0.743 5, which is also better than that of the actual built site (0.706 8). The results show that the method has high accuracy and universal applicability.
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Key words:
- booster site selection /
- fuzzy analytic hierarchy process /
- GIS /
- onshore wind farms
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表 1 风电场升压站选址评价指标体系
Table 1. System of site evaluation indexes for booster station
一级准则层（F层） 次级指标层（S层） 施工工程量成本准则（F1） 升压站填挖工程量（S1） 集电线路成本（S2） 进站道路工程量（S3） 灾害指标准则（F2） 百年一遇洪水水位（S4） 地震基本烈度（S5） 选址地质沉降（S6） 选址地形因子准则（F3） 局部皱褶度（S7） 局部凹凸性质（S8） 局部高差极值（S9） 障碍区域准则（F4） 农田用地范围（S10） 特殊用地范围（S11） 生活用地范围（S12） 极端地形区域范围（S13） 临近资源准则（F5） 送电距离（S14） 出线方向距离（S15） 水资源区域（S16） 
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表 2 0.1～0.9标度法及说明
Table 2. The 0.1 – 0.9 scale method and its specifications
标度值 定义 说明 0.5 同等权重 指标相比同等重要 0.6 权重稍高 该指标稍加重要于另一指标 0.7 权重较高 该指标明显重要于另一指标 0.8 权重特高 该指标较另一指标重要的多 0.9 权重极高 该指标较另一指标极端重要 0.1，0.2 反比较 若该指标 si 与指标 sj 对比得到
标度值 rij，0.3，0.4 则指标 sj 与指标 si 对比得到的
标度值 1 – rij
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表 3 实验粗选参数
Table 3. Parameters of rough site selection
项目 升压站规格 集电出电规划 区域性质 施工工程量 障碍区域 性质 50 m × 50 m 最短距离 筛除谷底地形 减少挖方规避填方 与障碍区域交集为空
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表 4 备选站址次级指标评价矩阵因素
Table 4. Evaluation matrix of candidate sites
站址 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 S14 S15 S16 A 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 B 0.6 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.0 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.4 C 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 D 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 E 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0
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表 5 评分值
Table 5. Score value
地形
种类站址 已有
站址A B C D E 平原 0.551 8 0.837 1 0.600 5 0.612 3 0.957 8 0.941 2 山地 0.625 4 0.743 8 0.743 5 0.711 1 0.693 9 0.706 8
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