Optimization Evaluation of Quality Classification of Concrete with Recycled Coarse Aggregate
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摘要: 为了克服再生骨料比选中主观、随意性等因素带来的误差，并确保对其质量作出科学合理选择，基于组合权重-可拓学理论，建立了混凝土再生粗骨料质量评价模型，根据《混凝土用再生骨料标准》确定评价指标体系和分类等级界限，利用层次分析法和熵权理论确定各指标的主、客观权重；依据可拓学理论求解不同等级下各个指标的样本关联度，然后结合组合权重法计算样本在不同等级下的关联函数值；按照数值越大越优原则进行质量等级评价，最后结合实例检验了评价方法的科学合理性. 研究结果表明：组合权重-可拓学理论综合评价法既能遵循规范单一因素法的评估步骤，还可以详细排序比较各项指标不同等级下的结果；通过实例计算出5组样本的质量等级分别为Ⅱ级、Ⅰ级、Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅰ级，这与前人模糊理论评估结果一致；3种权重方法不仅计算出7项再生粗骨料性能指标的具体权重值，而且也能体现出各指标的相对重要性. 通过对再生骨料的质量优选研究，可以为再生混凝土的工程应用提供理论参考.Abstract: In order to overcome the errors caused by the subjective and discretionary factors of the recycled aggregate, select their quality scientifically and reasonably, a quality evaluation model for concrete with recycled coarse aggregate was established based on the combined weight-extension theory. According to the standard of concrete with recycled aggregate, the evaluation index system and limits of classification level were determined, the subjective and objective weights of each indexes were determined by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight theory. The sample correlation degrees of each indexes under different levels were solved based on the extension theory, and then the correlation function values of the sample under different levels were calculated combined with the combination weight method. The quality grades were evaluated according to the principle that the bigger the number, the better the quality, finally, the scientificity of the evaluation method was tested by examples. The results show that: comprehensive evaluation method based on combined weight-extension theory not only follow the evaluation steps of the single factor method, but also can sort and compare the results under different levels of indicators; the quality grades of the five samples groups are calculated as II, I, I, II, and I, respectively, which are consistent with the evaluation results used by previous fuzzy theory; three weighting methods can not only calculate the specific weight values of seven performance indexes of the recycled coarse aggregate, but also can reflect the relative importance of each indexes. The study on the quality optimization of recycled coarse aggregate can provide a theoretical reference for the engineering application of recycled concrete.
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图 1 质量评价层次结构分布
Figure 1. evaluation quality Hierarchical structure of quality evaluation
图 2 混凝土再生粗骨料质量综合评价流程
Figure 2. Comprehensive evaluation process of quality of concrete with recycled coarse aggregate
表 1 层次分析法矩阵判断标度赋值
Table 1. Scales assignment of matrix in AHP
标度赋值 含义（重要性比较） 1 Xi 与 Xj 两元素具有同样重要性 3 Xi 与 Xj 两元素相比，Xi 稍重要 5 Xi 与 Xj 两元素相比，Xi 明显重要 7 Xi 与 Xj 两元素相比，Xi 极其重要 9 Xi 与 Xj 两元素相比，Xi 强烈重要 2、4、6、8 表示上述相邻判断标度赋值的中间值 说明：Xj 与 Xi 两元素相比时，标度取值为上述数值的倒数. 
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表 2 判断矩阵构造因素
Table 2. Structural factor of judgment matrix
元素 X1 X2 ··· Xj ··· Xn X1 a11 a12 ··· a1j ··· a1n X2 a21 a22 ··· a2j ··· a2n $\vdots$ $\vdots$ $\vdots$ $\vdots$ $\vdots$ Xi ai1 ai2 ··· aij ··· ain $\vdots$ $\vdots$ $\vdots$ $\vdots$ $\vdots$ Xn an1 an2 ··· anj ··· ann
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表 3 判断矩阵的lRI数值汇总
Table 3. lRI of judment matrix
n lRI n lRI 1 0 6 1.24 2 0 7 1.32 3 0.58 8 1.41 4 0.90 9 1.45 5 1.12 10 1.40
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表 4 混凝土再生粗骨料质量分级与评价指标
Table 4. Quality classification and evalution indexes of concrete with recycled coarse aggregate
指标 Ⅰ（优质） Ⅱ（良好） Ⅲ（合格） Ⅳ（不合格） C1/（kg•m–3） > 2 450 （2 350，2 450] （2 250，2 350] ≤2 250 C2/% < 47 [47，50） [50，53） ≥53 C3/% < 12 [12，20） [20，30） ≥30 C4/% < 5.0 [5.0，9.0） [9.0，15.0） ≥15.0 C5/% < 0.5 [0.5，0.7） [0.7，1.0） ≥1.0 C6/% < 1.0 [1.0，2.0） [2.0，3.0） ≥3.0 C7/% < 3.0 [3.0，5.0） [5.0，7.0） ≥7.0
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表 5 混凝土再生粗骨料质量等级与适用范围
Table 5. Quality grades and scope of application of concrete with recycled coarse aggregate
质量等级 作用环境等级 工程种类 Ⅰ级 A-F 级 构筑物与非构筑物、建筑结构物与非结构物、预应力混凝土与路面 Ⅱ级 A-C 级 构筑物与非构筑物、建筑结构物与非结构物、预应力混凝土与路面 Ⅲ级 A-B 级 路基、路堤与绝缘障碍物 Ⅳ级 A-B 级 路堤与绝缘障碍物
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表 6 样本实测值
Table 6. Actual measurement datas of the samples
样本 C1/(kg•m–3) C2/% C3/% C4/% C5/% C6/% C7/% S1 2 620 53 16.0 1.0 0.9 3.40 2.5 S2 2500 50 9.8 9.2 0.5 2.40 10.2 S3 2 435 44 23.1 1.4 1.0 0.18 4.9 S4 2 360 46 31.6 3.1 0.4 0.43 5.8 S5 2 300 53 17.5 12.0 0.7 1.40 9.0
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表 7 修正补充后的再生粗骨料质量分级汇总
Table 7. Quality grades of concrete with recycled coarse aggregate after corrected
指标 Ⅰ级 Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级 Ⅳ级 （优质） （良好） （合格） （不合格） C1/
(kg•m–3)（2 450，
2 650]（2 350，
2 450]（2 250，
2 350][2 150，
2 250]C2/% [44，47） [47，50） [50，53） [53，56] C3/% [0，12） [12，20） [20，30） [30，40] C4/% [0，5） [5，9） [9，15） [15，20] C5/% [0，0.5） [0.5，0.7） [0.7，1.0） [1.0，1.5] C6/% [0，1.0） [1.0，2.0） [2.0，3.0） [3.0，4.0] C7/% [0，3.0） [3.0，5.0） [5.0，7.0） [7.0，11.0]
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表 8 关联函数计算结果
Table 8. Calculation results of associative function
样本 等级 关联值 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 S1 Ⅰ级 0.30 –0.667 0.20 0.40 0.40 0.80 –0.25 Ⅱ级 0.85 0.5 –0.333 0.80 0.25 0.70 0.167 Ⅲ级 0.90 0 0.20 0.889 –0.20 0.40 0.39 Ⅳ级 0.921 0 0.467 0.933 0.143 –2.0 0.643 S2 Ⅰ级 0.50 0.333 –0.289 0.313 0 0.467 0.90 Ⅱ级 0.25 0 0.183 0.021 0 0.20 0.867 Ⅲ级 0.50 0 0.51 –0.022 0.286 –0.333 –0.80 Ⅳ级 0.625 0.333 0.673 0.387 0.50 0.20 0.40 S3 Ⅰ级 0.065 0 0.396 0.56 0.5 0.36 0.279 Ⅱ级 0.075 1.0 0.155 0.72 0.375 0.82 –0.021 Ⅲ级 0.283 1.0 –0.225 0.844 0.667 0.91 0.02 Ⅳ级 0.4625 1.0 0.29 0.907 0 0.143 0.30 S4 Ⅰ级 0.30 –1.0 0.70 –1.583 0.333 0.83 0.35 Ⅱ级 –0.05 0.333 –0.05 0.38 0.20 0.57 0.133 Ⅲ级 0.045 0.667 0.16 0.656 0.429 0.785 –0.182 Ⅳ级 0.344 0.778 –0.235 0.793 0.60 0.857 0.1875 S5 Ⅰ级 0.50 0.667 0.239 0.467 0.222 0.222 0.75 Ⅱ级 0.25 0.50 –0.167 0.273 0 0.40 0.667 Ⅲ级 –0.50 0 0.125 –0.60 0 0.30 0.50 Ⅳ 0.25 0 0.417 0.273 0.30 0.533 1.0
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表 9 再生粗骨料的各类权重计算结果
Table 9. Calculation results of various weights of concrete with recycled coarse aggregate
权重类型 权重 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 主观 0.113 0.074 0.271 0.342 0.039 0.053 0.108 客观 0.123 0.172 0.096 0.219 0.137 0.123 0.131 组合 0.120 0.142 0.149 0.199 0.165 0.102 0.125
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表 10 待评再生粗骨料在各等级下的综合关联度及综合评价结果
Table 10. Correlation degree and the comprehensive evaluation results of the RCA and the quality grades
样本 综合关联度 最大关联值 评定等级 Ⅰ级 Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级 Ⅳ级 S1 0.167 0 0.416 1 0.371 3 0.265 7 0.416 1 Ⅱ级 S2 0.386 7 0.190 2 0.044 8 0.352 5 0.386 7 Ⅰ级 S3 0.432 4 0.420 3 0.415 8 0.423 3 0.432 4 Ⅰ级 S4 – 0.133 4 0.417 2 0.382 6 0.384 4 0.417 2 Ⅱ级 S5 0.436 3 0.254 6 – 0.067 7 0.375 3 0.436 3 Ⅰ级
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