Temperature Field Characteristics of High-Speed Railway Subgrade Surface with Asphalt Concrete Layer in Cold Regions
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摘要: 为了把握基床表层含沥青混凝土层的温度场特性，采用瞬态传热的有限元分析方法，对寒区高铁无砟轨道结构温度场时空分布规律及沥青混凝土层的影响进行了分析. 首先，建立了基于哈尔滨-齐齐哈尔客运专线无砟轨道结构（CRTS）的温度场数值模型；然后，运用现场观测结果对数值模型进行了校核；最后，运用对比分析方式评估了基床表层沥青混凝土层的温度场特性，以及无砟轨道结构特征横截面与特征点位的温度分布的时变规律. 结果表明：东北地区无砟轨道结构温度场具有明显的非均匀性，其横向温度分布呈现双U型分布特征，温度梯度呈现非线性特性，且随着季节变换呈现较复杂的正负梯度交替变化；东北地区无砟轨道结构对路基温度的影响深度约为0.4 m，月影响深度约为2.5 m，年影响深度可达4.0 m；基床表层铺设的薄层沥青混凝土对路基起到了良好的保温作用，会使得基床表层的日平均温度提高1～7 ℃左右，而寒区无砟轨道结构温度场的分布规律不会显著改变.Abstract: In order to gain better insight on the temperature field characteristics of the subgrade surface with asphalt concrete layer in cold regions, the transient thermal finite element analysis is adopted to study the temperature field spatial-temporal distribution of ballastless tracks in cold regions and the influence of asphalt concrete layer. Firstly, numerical models based on the CRTS system (ballastless track) of Haerbin-Qiqihaer passenger line were developed. The numerical model was then verified with the field test results. Finally, the temperature field characteristics of the subgrade surface with asphalt concrete layer and the time-varying law of the temperature characteristics for typical cross sections and typical points in the ballastless tracks are evaluated through comparison.. The results show that the temperature field of track slab system in cold regions have a non-uniform distribution and show a double U-shaped distribution horizontally. The temperature gradient is non-linear, and the averaged monthly temperature gradient alternate between positive and negative. The subgrade depth, of which the temperature is affected by the ballastless track structure in northeastern China, can reach 0.4 m in a day, 2.5 m in a month and about 4.0 m in a year. It is concluded that the thin asphalt concrete layer over the subgrade surface has the function of heat preservation and prompts 1−7 ℃ increase in the daily average temperature of subgrade surface whereas it makes no significant change to the temperature field distribution of the ballastless track subgrade in cold regions.
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图 1 无砟轨道温度场的主要影响因素
Figure 1. Main factors affecting the temperature field of ballastless track system
图 2 无砟轨道一体化温度场模型（单位：m）
Figure 2. Integrated temperature field model of ballastless track system (unit：m)
图 3 试验段AP边界的年温度变化曲线
Figure 3. Annual temperature evolution curves on the AP boundary of test section
图 4 轨道中心0.5 m深的年温度实测结果与仿真结果对比
Figure 4. Comparison of averaged daily temperature between measured and simulated results at the 0.5 m depth of track slab center
图 5 基床表层全年日均温度变化
Figure 5. Annual average temperature variation per day at subgradesurface
图 6 1月和7月基床表层表面温度的时变曲线
Figure 6. Evolution curves of subgradesurface temperature in January and July
图 7 基床表层设置薄层沥青混凝土时无砟轨道结构的温度增量度的分布
Figure 7. Averaged annual temperature increments along depth with asphalt layer on the top of subgrade
图 8 基床表层设置沥青混凝土层前后上下表面温度沿横向的分布规律
Figure 8. Horizontal temperature distributions at the top and bottom surfaces of subgrade with and without asphalt layer
图 9 寒区无砟轨道结构轨道中心沿深度日均温度分布的逐月变化规律
Figure 9. Monthly evolution of averaged daily temperature distribution along depth at the center of track slab in cold region
图 10 无砟轨道结构在冬夏春3个季节的日均小时温度分布云图
Figure 10. Contour of averaged hour temperature distribution of ballastless track subgrade in spring, summer and autumn
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