Ladder Sleeper Lateral Resistance Test and Contribution Analysis of Ballasted Track
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摘要: 梯形轨枕具有稳定性好、振动小的优点，并能减弱传递给轨道的动荷载，使得梯形轨枕在高速铁路、重载铁路、城市轨道交通中均有较好表现，但是其横向阻力一直未进行系统试验研究. 本文研究了不同砟肩宽度（200、300、400、500 mm）梯型轨枕道床横向阻力，分析了阻力构成，并与Ⅲc型轨枕对比. 结果表明，在砟肩宽度均为500 mm道床上，平肩式梯形轨枕与平肩式及砟肩堆高150 mm、Ⅲc型轨枕相比，阻力分别提升了约55%、14%，并且，平肩式道床砟肩宽度由200 mm增加至500 mm过程中，梯形轨枕道床横向阻力无明显增长，其横向阻力主要由3部分构成，其中轨枕底面与道床摩擦提供约34%，枕心部位提供约47%，轨枕端部提供约19%. 试验表明，采用梯形轨枕，可选用较小截面尺寸的道床，从而大幅节约建设用地及道砟用量.Abstract: The ladder sleeper with the advantages of good stability, less vibration, and reduction of the dynamic load transferred to the ballast can be used in high-speed, heavy-haul, and urban railways, but its lateral resistance has not been systematically studied yet. In this work, the lateral resistance of different shoulder widths （200, 300, 400 mm, and 500 mm） using the ladder sleeper was measured, and the contribution of lateral resistance was analysed and compared with that of a Chinese Ⅲc sleeper. The results show that for ballasted track with a 500 mm shoulder height and a flat shoulder, the lateral resistance of the ladder sleeper, comparing with the Chinese Ⅲc sleeper, increases 14% and 55%, respectively. The ladder sleeper lateral resistance is identical when the shoulder width increases from 200 to 500 mm. Additionally friction between the bottom of the ladder sleeper and ballast provides 34% of the total lateral resistance, leaving 47% provided by the crib and 19% provided by the end. This test shows that the ladder sleeper can be used in a smaller-section-size ballasted bed and it can largely decrease the construction area and the ballast usage.
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Key words:
- ladder sleeper /
- lateral resistance /
- ballasted track /
- shoulder width
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图 5 砟肩宽度对梯形轨枕道床横向阻力的影响
Figure 5. Influence of shoulder width on ladder sleeper lateral resistance
表 1 工况类型
Table 1. Test condition
工况 砟肩宽度/mm 砟肩堆高/mm 枕心高差 轨枕类型 R1 500 150 饱满 Ⅲc型 R2 500 0 饱满 Ⅲc型 A1 500 0 饱满 梯形 A2 400 0 饱满 梯形 A3 300 0 饱满 梯形 A4 200 0 饱满 梯形 B1 饱满 梯形 B2 降低40 mm 梯形 B3 降低50% 梯形 B4 0 梯形 
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表 2 梯形轨枕阻力分担
Table 2. Ladder sleeper lateral-resistance constitution
阻力部分 计算来源 横向阻力/（kN•m–1） 所占比例/% 总值 A1 18.31 100 枕底 B4 6.21 34 端部 A1、B1的差值 3.55 19 枕心 B1、B4的差值 8.55 47
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