Overloaded Truck Models and Their Load Effects on Multiple-One Lane for Highway Bridges
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摘要: 为获取超重车主要参数特性以及典型超重车模型，计算并对比多车道和单车道上超重车纵横向并行引起的荷载效应，收集了美国加州历时3 a的动态称重（weight-in-motion，WIM）数据，以加州交通厅许可荷载车模型为参照，提取实测超重车数据，分析了超重车辆荷载构成特点，建立了典型超重车辆模型. 分别计算了多、单车道超重车荷载效应，并将两者与现行的中国JTG D60—2015规范和美国AASHTO （American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials）规范进行了对比. 结果表明：多车道叠加荷载效应较单车道以及中美规范值都大得多，单车道荷载效应与规范值相近或略高一点；多-单车道跨中弯矩最大比值为2.05倍，平均比值为1.65倍；剪力最大为2.05倍，平均为1.70倍.Abstract: To analyze characteristics of typical parameters of overloaded trucks as well as their models, weight-in-motion (WIM) data was collected over three years from California, U.S., and the permit truck issued by California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) was selected as a reference to extract overloaded truck data, then, the characteristics and configurations of these overloaded trucks were analyzed to build typical overloaded truck models with mean and standard deviation calculated. In addition, load effects induced by trucks moving on multiple lanes and single lane were calculated respectively, and the two load effects were compared with the specifications issued by the Ministry of Transport of China (JTG D60−2015) and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) respectively. The results show, superposed load effects on multiple lanes were significantly greater than those loading on one lane and the codified values in specifications, whereas, the load effects on one lane are close to or a little higher than the specified values. For effect ratios of multiple lanes to one lane, the largest one is 2.05 for both moment and shear, and the average value is 1.65 and 1.70 for the two, respectively.
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图 4 预应力混凝土梁桥横截面（单位：m）
Figure 4. Cross-section of prestressed concrete girder bridge (unit：m)
图 5 多-单车道荷载效应与中美规范对比
Figure 5. Comparison of load effects of multiple-one lane and values specified in JTG and AASHTO
表 1 超重车模型及其特性参数统计
Table 1. Schematic overloaded truck models and their statistical parameters
序号 所占比例/% 轴数 超重车模型简图 1 17.4 4 
2 38.2 5 
3 8.2 6 
4 19.1 7 
5 2.1 8 
6 14.9 9 
注：表中 µ 为均值；σ 为标准差；箭头上方参数为轴重，kN；车轮下方为轴距，m；后图同. 
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表 2 多-单车道荷载效之比
Table 2. Ratios of load effects of multiple lanes to one lane
跨长/m 各年的跨中弯矩比值 各年的支座剪力比值 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 10 1.59 1.67 1.83 1.47 1.83 1.64 15 1.52 1.68 1.64 1.48 1.76 1.71 20 1.46 1.51 1.69 1.49 1.65 1.69 30 1.36 1.59 1.59 1.64 1.82 1.42 40 1.47 1.75 1.48 1.71 1.97 1.33 50 1.62 1.90 1.34 1.71 2.05 1.37 60 1.72 1.98 1.23 1.71 2.05 1.41 70 1.79 2.04 1.19 1.72 2.02 1.48 80 1.80 2.05 1.30 1.72 2.00 1.54 90 1.81 2.02 1.43 1.71 1.98 1.61 100 1.81 2.00 1.51 1.69 1.97 1.66 平均比值 1.65 1.70
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