多物理域耦合求解的轮毂电机温度场

张河山; 徐进; 邓兆祥; 姜艳军

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20170263

多物理域耦合求解的轮毂电机温度场

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20170263

张河山^1,2,,
徐进²,
邓兆祥^1, ,,
姜艳军³

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51278514，51678099）

详细信息

作者简介:
张河山（1988—），男，博士后，研究方向为电动汽车驱动系统开发，E-mail：zhangheshan@qq.com

通讯作者:
邓兆祥（1962—），男，教授，博士生导师，主要研究方向为汽车振动噪声控制与汽车系统动力学，E-mail：zxdeng@cqu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TM 341
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-04-18
- 修回日期: 2017-12-29
- 网络出版日期: 2018-12-06
- 刊出日期: 2020-02-01

Temperature Field of in-Wheel Motor Using Coupled Multi-physics Domain Solution

摘要

摘要: 为研究温度变化对电动汽车用轮毂电机的工作性能和使用寿命的影响，采用场路耦合法将轮毂电机有限元模型与外电路联合求解，建立了包含轮毂电机本体、外部驱动控制电路的联合仿真模型，充分考虑了外部激励中时间谐波电流对磁场的影响. 然后，将计算得到的绕组铜耗、定子铁芯损耗、永磁体涡流损耗以及杂散损耗等作为热源，采用磁热耦合法将其耦合到各部件进行瞬态温度场研究，综合考虑了电机工作过程中其损耗分布在时间和空间位置上的瞬态变化特性，热源损耗与温度场实时精确耦合. 详细研究了负载运行时轮毂电机各部件温度随时间的变化情况，以及温度的空间分布特性. 多物理域耦合法实现了电磁场与外电路的直接耦合，电磁场与温度场的顺序耦合. 最后，对轮毂电机进行台架试验. 研究结果表明：仿真计算结果与试验结果在额定工况下温度的最大误差为4.96%，峰值工况下最大误差为10.55%.
- 轮毂电机 /
- 场路耦合 /
- 磁热耦合 /
- 导热系数 /
- 温度场
Abstract: In order to study the influence of temperature change on the working performance and service life of in-wheel motor for electric vehicles, a coupled multi-physics analysis method is proposed. Firstly, the field-circuit coupling method is used to solve the finite element model of the in-wheel motor and the external circuit. A joint simulation model including the in-wheel motor and external drive control circuit is established, which takes into account the influence of the time harmonic current from external excitation on the magnetic field. Then, the calculated winding copper loss, stator core loss, permanent magnet (PM) eddy current loss and stray loss are used as heat sources, and they are coupled to each component by magneto-thermal coupling method to study the transient temperature field. The transient variation characteristics of the loss distribution in time and space are overall considered, and the thermal loss and temperature field are coupled accurately in real time. The temperature variation of each component over time and space is studied in detail. The direct coupling between electromagnetic field and external circuit, and the sequential coupling between electromagnetic field and temperature field are realized by the coupled multi-physics analysis method. Finally, the bench test of the in-wheel motor is carried out. The results show that the maximum temperature error between the simulation and tests is 4.96% under rated conditions, and the maximum error is 10.55% under peak conditions.
- in-wheel motor /
- field-circuit coupling /
- magnetic-thermal coupling /
- thermal conductivity /
- temperature field

HTML全文

图 1 多物理域耦合原理

Figure 1. Schematic of coupled multi-physics domain

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图 2 负载感应电动势对比

Figure 2. Comparison of load induced electromotive force

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图 3 气隙磁密曲线

Figure 3. Curve of air gap flux density

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图 4 损耗密度云图

Figure 4. Cloud of loss density

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图 5 等效绕组

Figure 5. Equivalent winding

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图 6 电机各部件温度变化曲线

Figure 6. Temperature variation curve of each component

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图 7 电机整体温度场分布

Figure 7. Temperature field distribution of the motor

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图 8 各部件温度场分布

Figure 8. Temperature field distribution of each component

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图 9 电机整体沿径向方向的温度变化

Figure 9. Temperature variation along radial direction of motor

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图 10 定子轴向位置温度

Figure 10. Temperature of stator in axial direction

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图 11 转子轴向位置温度

Figure 11. Temperature of rotor in axial direction

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图 12 永磁体温度的等高线

Figure 12. Contour map of PM temperature

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图 13 额定工况实验温度与计算温度曲线

Figure 13. Test and calculated temperature curves under rated conditions

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图 14 峰值工况实验温度与计算温度曲线

Figure 14. Test and calculated temperature curves under peak conditions

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表 1 轮毂电机主要参数

Table 1. Main parameters of in-wheel motor

额定功率/kW	峰值功率/kW	直流母线电压/V	定子内径/mm	转子外径/mm	铁芯轴向长度/mm	额定转速/rpm	并联支路数	永磁体厚度/mm	定子槽数	极对数	绕组节距
10	23	355	182	314	40	600	16	6	48	16	1

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表 2 轮毂电机各部件材料的热参数

Table 2. Thermal parameters of component material for in-wheel motor

部件	材料	密度/（kg•m⁻³）	导热系数/(W•m⁻²•℃⁻¹)	比热容量/(J•kg⁻¹•℃⁻¹)
等效气隙	空气	1.161 4	0.047 8	1 012
定子绕组	铜	8 933	401	386
定子铁心	硅钢片	7 650	40.0（轴向），4.4（径向）	450
转子护套	铝合金	2 680	210	871
永磁体	钕铁硼	7 400	9	440
等效槽绝缘层	聚酰胺	1 200	0.13	1 300
槽楔	环氧树脂	980	0.3	847

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