Dynamic Displacement Response of Pavement Structure under Moving Vehicle Load
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摘要: 为研究行车荷载作用下路面结构动位移响应规律，基于弹性层状体系理论建立路面结构有限元模型，将车辆随机动荷载作用在有限元模型上，通过改变路面结构层厚度与模量，研究了路面结构测试区竖向动位移变化规律，建立了测试区动位移峰值与路面结构层参数的数学模型，进一步揭示了路面结构动态响应问题. 计算结果表明：路面结构测试区动位移峰值随土基模量的增大而减少；土基模量对测试区动位移峰值影响最为敏感，两者的数学模型近似呈对数关系，测试区动位移峰与面层厚度和基层厚度近似呈线性关系，与底基层厚度近似呈对数关系；不同的面层模量、基层模量和底基层模量对应的测试区动位移曲线几乎重合，因此不是影响测试区动位移的主要影响因素. 研究结果为路面承载力检测提供了依据.Abstract: In order to study the dynamic displacement response law of pavement structure under driving load, a finite element model (FEM) of pavement structure is established by the theory of elastic layered system. Applying the random dynamic load of a vehicle to the FEM, the variation of vertical dynamic displacement in the structural test area is analyzed with changing thickness and modulus of the pavement layer, and a mathematical model of relationship between the peak dynamic displacement of the test area and parameters of the pavement structure layer is proposed to characterize the dynamic response of the pavement structure. Results of FEM calculations show that the peak dynamic displacement of the pavement test area decreases with an increase in the soil matrix modulus; what's more, the peak dynamic displacement is more sensitive to the soil matrix modulus than to other pavement layer parameters, and the mathematical relationship between them is logarithmic. Meanwhile, the peak dynamic displacement of the pavement test area is approximately linear with the thicknesses of the surface layer and the base layer, and is approximately logarithmic with the thickness of the subbase layer. However, the dynamic displacement curves of the test area with different surface layer moduli, base layer moduli and base layer moduli almost coincide, implying that they are not the main influencing factors of the dynamic displacement. The obtained results provide a basis for the detection of pavement bearing capacity.
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图 2 B级路面激励下不同速度下的动载系数
Figure 2. Dynamic Load Coefficient at Different Speeds under B-type Pavement Excitation
图 5 有无车辆前轴动位移对比
Figure 5. Whether the vehicle front axle displacement comparison chart
图 7 路面结构动态测试区域示意
Figure 7. Schematic diagram of dynamic test area of pavement structure
图 9 不同路面结构层厚度动位移曲线
Figure 9. Dynamic displacement curve of layer thickness of different pavement structures
表 1 车辆系统参数
Table 1. Vehicle system parameters
参数 取值 悬挂质量ms/Kg 4 450 非悬挂质量mt/Kg 550 悬架刚度系数ks/（N•m−1） 106 悬架阻尼系数cs/（N•s•m−1） 15 000 轮胎刚度系数kt/（N•m−1） 1 750 000 轮胎阻尼系数ct/（N•s•m−1） 2 000 
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表 2 路面结构层参数
Table 2. Pavement structure and material parameters
结构层 厚度/m 动模量/
MPa泊松比 密度/
（Kg•m−3）阻尼比 面层 0.18 3 000～5 000 0.30 2 400 0.05 基层 0.36 3 500～5 500 0.25 2 200 0.05 底基层 0.20 2 000～4 000 0.30 1 600 0.05 土基 10.26 60～140 0.40 1 900 0.05
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表 3 不同速度时动位移峰值与土基模量的关系
Table 3. Relationship between the peak value of dynamic displacement and soil modulus at different speeds
速度/（m•s−1） 回归公式 相关系数R2 15 S = 147.44ln E0 − 852.01 0.976 5 20 S = 106.23ln E0 − 638.09 0.967 9 25 S = 71.69ln E0 − 478.95 0.985 4 30 S = 53.24ln E0 − 367.44 0.993 7 35 S = 37.81ln E0 − 304.65 0.993 6
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