Failure and Parametric Analysis of Shield Tunnel Bolts under Impact Load
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摘要: 为了研究高速列车脱轨撞击盾构隧道时接头螺栓参数对螺栓失效和管片的影响. 基于ABAQUS有限元软件，建立了盾构隧道管片衬砌分块拼装式模型，利用时速200 km/h列车12.5° 斜向撞击荷载曲线，通过设置接触面单元和具有抗拉、抗剪、抗弯3种刚度组合的连接单元，近似模拟了盾构隧道接缝混凝土接触效应和螺栓连接效应，开展了不同螺栓直径和不同螺栓强度级别下管片接头螺栓的失效研究. 研究结果表明：在列车撞击荷载作用下，接头螺栓主要发生拉伸失效和剪切失效两种失效状态，失效后螺栓拉力和剪力降低为0，并且螺栓失效一般是相对列车行进方向相继出现的；拉伸失效通常出现在被撞块后端纵向螺栓，而被撞块环向螺栓和前端纵向螺栓一般发生剪切失效；各螺栓发生失效的时间随着接头螺栓强度级别的提高或螺栓直径的增大有所延后；不同螺栓参数下被撞块管片位移极大值均在6 cm左右，提高接头螺栓的强度级别和增大螺栓直径，将减小被撞块管片最终位移较大值区域面积以及最终位移极大值的数值，但管片最终位移极大值数值的减幅在10%以内，说明改变螺栓参数无法明显减小管片最终位移.Abstract: In order to study the influence of bolt parameters on bolt failures and segments when a derailed high-speed train impacts a shield tunnel, a numerical model of division assembling the segmental lining of a shield tunnel was established using the finite element software ABAQUS. The contact effect of joint concrete and the connecting effect of joint bolts were simulated approximately by the contact element and the connector element, the latter of which characterises the tensile, shear and flexural stiffness. The failure of bolts with different diameters and strengths was investigated using the impact load curve of a train with speed of 200 km/h and oblique angle of 12.5°. The results show that joint bolts mainly underwent tensile failure and shear failure, and the tension and shear forces of the bolt decreased to zero after the failure. Bolt failures generally appeared in succession according to the direction of train travel. Tensile failure usually occurred at the rear longitudinal bolt of the impacted segment, while shear failure usually occurred at the circumferential bolt and the front longitudinal bolt of the impacted segment. The failure time of the bolt was delayed as the bolt strength grade or diameter increased. The maximum displacement of the impacted segments under different bolt parameters was approximately 6 cm. Increasing the strength grade and the diameter of the bolt would reduce the area and the maximum value of the final displacement of the impacted segment. However, the reduction of the maximum value of the final displacement was within 10%, which means that changing the parameters of the bolt cannot significantly reduce the final displacement of the segment.
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Key words:
- shield tunnel /
- train collision /
- parametric analysis /
- numerical simulation /
- bolt failure
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图 5 撞击力时程曲线（200 km/h、12.5°）
Figure 5. Time-history curves of impact force（200 km/h，12.5°）
图 7 8.8级螺栓在不同直径下的拉力时程曲线
Figure 7. Time-history curves of tensile force for 8.8-grade bolts with different diameters
图 8 8.8级螺栓在不同直径下的剪力时程曲线
Figure 8. Time-history curves of shear force for 8.8-grade bolts with different diameters
图 6 被撞块周边螺栓位置及编号
Figure 6. Positions and numbers of the surrounding bolts connected to the impacted segment
图 9 M36螺栓在不同强度级别下的拉力时程曲线
Figure 9. Time history curves of tensile force for M36 bolts with different strength grades
图 10 M36螺栓在不同强度级别下的剪力时程曲线
Figure 10. Time history curves of shear force for M36 bolts with different strength grades
图 11 不同螺栓强度级别下管片最终位移
Figure 11. Final displacement of the segment under different bolt strength grades
图 12 不同螺栓直径下管片最终位移
Figure 12. Final displacement of the segment under different bolt diameters
表 1 基本材料参数
Table 1. Basic material parameters
材料名称 密度/（kg•m–3） 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 摩擦角/（°） 内聚力/MPa 粉砂岩 2 460 19.5 0.205 38 3.75 砂岩 2 580 25.0 0.159 42 2.50 衬砌
混凝土2 400 34.5 0.200 
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表 2 分析工况及相应螺栓物理力学参数
Table 2. Analysis conditions and physical and mechanical parameters of corresponding bolts
分析
工况型号 直径/mm 强度
级别弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 抗拉刚
度/MN抗剪刚
度/MN抗弯刚度/（N•m2） 截面积/mm2 抗拉极限强度/MPa 抗剪极限强度/MPa 极限拉力/kN 极限剪力/kN 1 M24 24.0 8.8 206.0 0.3 72.7 28.0 3 353.2 353.0 800.0 586.4 282.4 207.0 2 M30 30.0 8.8 206.0 0.3 115.4 44.4 8 186.6 560.0 800.0 586.4 448.0 328.4 3 M36 36.0 8.8 206.0 0.3 168.1 64.7 16 975.7 816.0 800.0 586.4 652.8 478.5 4 M36 36.0 6.8 206.0 0.3 168.1 64.7 16 975.7 816.0 600.0 439.8 489.6 358.9 5 M36 36.0 5.6 206.0 0.3 168.1 64.7 16 975.7 816.0 500.0 336.5 408.0 299.1
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表 3 8.8级螺栓在不同直径下的失效情况
Table 3. Failure conditions for 8.8-grade bolts with different diameters
螺栓编号 失效类型 失效时间/ms 失效次序 M24 M30 M36 M24 M30 M36 M24 M30 M36 A 拉伸 拉伸 拉伸 3.59 3.85 4.02 1 1 1 B 剪切 剪切 剪切 4.60 4.75 4.85 3 3 3 C 剪切 剪切 剪切 5.60 5.84 6.14 5 5 5 D 剪切 剪切 剪切 14.28 14.8 15.45 6 6 6 E 剪切 剪切 剪切 4.42 4.53 4.68 2 2 2 F 剪切 剪切 剪切 5.49 5.71 6.01 4 4 4
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表 4 M36螺栓在不同强度级别下的失效情况
Table 4. Failure conditions for M36 bolts with different strength grades
螺栓编号 失效类型 失效时间/ms 失效次序 5.6级 6.8级 8.8级 5.6级 6.8级 8.8级 5.6级 6.8级 8.8级 A 拉伸 拉伸 拉伸 3.46 3.67 4.02 1 1 1 B 剪切 剪切 剪切 4.47 4.61 4.85 3 3 3 C 剪切 剪切 剪切 5.36 5.63 6.14 5 5 5 D 剪切 剪切 剪切 13.96 14.48 15.45 6 6 6 E 剪切 剪切 剪切 4.29 4.43 4.68 2 2 2 F 剪切 剪切 剪切 5.27 5.51 6.01 4 4 4
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表 5 不同螺栓参数下管片最终位移极大值及变化率
Table 5. Maximum value and change rate of final displacement of the segment under different bolt parameters
项目 强度级别 直径型号 5.6级 6.8级 8.8级 M24 M30 M36 位移极值/cm 6.86 6.61 6.21 6.79 6.43 6.21 相对变化率/% 0 –3.6 –9.5 0 –5.3 –8.5
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