Mechanical Properties of Tou Mortise-tenon Joints of the Traditional Timber Buildings in the South Yangtze River Regions
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摘要: 为研究江南传统木构建筑中的主要榫卯节点透榫的结构性能及其影响因素，通过缩尺模型试验对该种榫卯节点在低周反复荷载作用下的破坏模式、滞回曲线、骨架曲线和转角刚度进行了分析，综合考虑节点的接触非线性和木材的材料非线性，采用ANSYS非线性有限元方法对其受力性能进行理论分析，并与试验结果进行比较分析，结果表明：该种榫卯节点的弯矩-转角滞回曲线基本上都呈Z形，具有明显的捏拢特性。该种榫卯试件均经历了弹性阶段、屈服阶段和破坏阶段，其最终破坏形态均为榫头根部断裂破坏，极限转角为0.11~0.14rad；ANSYS非线性有限元分析的结果和试验结果较为吻合，通过理论分析获取了该种透榫节点的平面内（竖向）转角刚度KV、平面外（水平）转角刚度KH和扭转刚度KR的相互关系，可近似归纳为2.5∶1∶1。Abstract: In order to study the structural performance and its influencing factors of the Tou mortise-tenon joints which are widely used in the traditional timber buildings in the South Yangtze River Regions, the failure modes, hysteretic curves, skeleton curves, rotation rigidities of the mortise-tenon joints under low-cycle reversed load were analyzed by the scaled model tests. With the consideration of the nonlinear contact influence of the mortise-tenon joint and the nonlinear stress-strain behavior of the timber material, the mechanical properties of the Tou mortise-tenon joints were analyzed by ANSYS software, and the theoretical results were compared with the experimental ones. The comparison results show that the hysteretic curves of the Tou mortise-tenon joints appear to be Z shaped and have the obvious pinch effects. During the tests, these mortise-tenon joints orderly experience the elastic stage, the yield stage and the failure stage. The failure mode of these joints are the fracture of tenon, and the ultimate rotation angles range from 0.11 to 0.14 rad. The theoretical results agree well with the experimental ones. Finally, the relationship of in-plane rotational rigidity (vertical) KV, out-of-plane rotational rigidity (horizontal) KH and tortional rigidity KR of the Tou mortise-tenon joint was obtained, i.e., KV: KH: KR is about 2.5∶1∶1.
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