山地系统灾变行为自组织临界性研究

姚令侃; 黄艺丹

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2016.02.011

山地系统灾变行为自组织临界性研究

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2016.02.011

姚令侃^1,2,3,
黄艺丹^1,2,3

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金资助项目(41172321,41571004)

国家重点基础研究发展计划课题(2008CB425802)

详细信息

作者简介:
姚令侃(1953-),博士,1996年起至今任职于西南交通大学,现为土木工程学院教授,博士生导师,防灾减灾研究所所长.E-mail:yaolk@swjtu.edu.cn;黄艺丹(1982-),博士,2003年起至今任职于西南交通大学,现为土木工程学院讲师.E-mail:huangyidan@swjtu.edu.cn

姚令侃(1953-),博士,1996年起至今任职于西南交通大学,现为土木工程学院教授,博士生导师,防灾减灾研究所所长.E-mail:yaolk@swjtu.edu.cn;黄艺丹(1982-),博士,2003年起至今任职于西南交通大学,现为土木工程学院讲师.E-mail:huangyidan@swjtu.edu.cn

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- 被引次数: 12
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-12-01
- 刊出日期: 2016-04-25

Self-Organized Criticality of Mountain System Catastrophic Behaviors

YAO Lingkan^1,2,3,
HUANG Yidan^1,2,3

摘要

摘要: 为了研究山地系统宏观动力学的整体规律,基于戴维斯地貌发育理论,提出处于地貌发育阶段幼年晚期的河谷及壮年期的山地具有自组织临界性(self organized criticality, SOC)的内禀属性,并建立了基于斯特拉勒积分的大流域地貌发育阶段判别方法.以地震触发崩塌滑坡为切入点,通过震区实震资料分析、元胞自动机模拟、振动台沙堆模型实验,提出不同烈度区地震触发崩塌滑坡分布的演化规律:在Ⅶ度、Ⅷ度、Ⅸ度区,崩塌滑坡规模与出现频率之间存在良好的负幂律关系,在Ⅹ度区,幂律关系弱化,在Ⅺ度区,这一关系转为对数正态分布. 通过3个案例介绍了SOC理论在岩土体地震扰动深度评估、泥石流防治工程设计径流量极值计算、基于地震活动性参数b值在地应力评估中的应用.
- 山地系统 /
- 自组织临界性 /
- 地震触发崩塌滑坡 /
- 元胞自动机
Abstract: In order to study the macro-dynamic behavior of mountain systems, a view point was proposed by Davis's theory of the erosion cycle that valleys in late childhood or mountains in middle adulthood have intrinsic properties of self-organized criticality(SOC). Based on Strahler's integral, a method for distinguishing landform development stages in a large basin is established. For landslides triggered by earthquake, the data of landslides collected in earthquake zones were analyzed, a cellular automata model was built, and shaking table experiments were performed. As a result, an evolution law of landslides distribution in different seismic intensity zones was revealed. Specifically, there exists a strong negative power-law relationship between the sizes and frequencies of landslides in zones with seismic intensity Ⅶ, Ⅷ and Ⅸ; the relationship becomes a weak power law in zones with seismic intensity Ⅹ, and changes into a lognormal distribution in zones with seismic intensity Ⅺ. Finally, applications of SOC to soil depth assessment under earthquake disturbance, extreme runoff calculation in debris flow control design, and crustal stress evaluation based on the seismic activity parameter b-value, are introduced through three case studies.
- mountain system /
- self-organized criticality(SOC) /
- landslides triggered by earthquake /
- cellular automata

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