Overview of Content-Based Adaptive Audio Watermarking
-
摘要: 按照时域、变换域2种常见的水印嵌入域,对音频水印技术进行了概述;针对第2代数字水印技术,重点介绍了基于内容的音频水印算法、自适应音频水印算法以及音频水印的同步技术,对它们的优缺点进行了评析.这些算法更强调将水印信息嵌入到音频信号的重要特征上,并与各音频段的自身特点相结合,具有鲁棒性强、不可听性好和较实用等优点,是新一代水印技术发展的趋势.最后,探讨了目前音频水印领域需要解决的问题及进一步研究的方向,这些问题的解决将对网络化音乐制品的知识产权保护与安全传播提供理论和技术支持.Abstract: The digital audio watermarking techniques were summarized regarding the time domain and the transform domain. To the second generation watermarking technique,the content-based audio watermarking,adaptive audio watermarking and synchronization technique were emphasized,and their merits and defects were analyzed. These techniques emphasize more that the watermark information is embedded into the important feature regions of audio signals and combined with the characteristic of various audio segments,so they have some advantages such as strong robustness,good inaudibility and practicability. Therefore,the content-based adaptive audio watermarking technique is the developing direction of watermarking techniques. Finally,the problems to be solved and the future research direction were discussed. The research on the problems will provide theoretical and technical supports for the copyright protection and reliable spread of the network music.
-
Key words:
- audio watermarking /
- adaptive watermarking /
- synchronization attack /
- robustness /
- human auditory system
-
WANG Huiqin,NISHIMURA R,SUZUKI Y,et al.Fuzzy self-adaptive digital audio watermarking based on time-spread echo hiding[J].Applied Acoustics,2008,69(10):868-874.[2] SWANSON M D,ZHU B,TEWFIK A H.Current state of the art,challenges and future directions for audio watermarking[C]//IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems.Florence:IEEE Press,1999,1:19-24.[3] Kalker T,Epema D H J,Hartel P H,et al.Music2Share-copyright-compliant music sharing in P2P systems[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,2004,92(6):961-970.[4] Van SCHYNDEL R G,TIRKEL A Z,OSBORNE C F.A digital watermark[C]//IEEE International Conference on Image Processing.Austin:IEEE Press,1994,2:86-90.[5] GRUHL D,LU A,BENDER W.Echo hiding[C]//Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Information Hiding.Cambridge:Springer-Verlas,1996:293-315.[6] LIE W N,CHANG L C.Robust and high-quality time-domain audio watermarking based on low-frequency amplitude modification[J].IEEE Trans.on Multimedia,2006,8(1):46-59.[7] KUTTER M,BHATRACHARJEE S K,EBRAHIMI T.Towards second generation watermarking schemes[C]//IEEE International Conference on Image Processing.Kobe:IEEE Press,1999,1:320-323.[8] WANG Hongxia,HE Chen,DING Ke.Quadtrees-based image authentication technique[J].IEICE Trans.on Fundamentals,2004,E87-A(4):946-948.[9] LIU Shaohui,YAO Hongxun,GAO Wen,et al.An image fragile watermark scheme based on chaotic image pattern and pixel-pairs[J].Applied Mathematics and Computation,2007,185(2):869-882.[10] WU C P,SU P C,KUO C C J.Robust and efficient digital audio watermarking using audio content analysis[C]∥Proceedings of SPIE in Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents.San Jose:SPIE,2000,3971:382-392.[11] MANSOUR M F,TEWFIK A.Audio watermarking by time-scale modification[C]//International Conference on Acoustic,Speech and Signal Processing.Salt Lake City:IEEE Press,2001:1353-1356.[12] XU Changsheng,FENG D D.Robust and efficient content-based digital audio watermarking[J].Multimedia System,2002,8(5):353-368.[13] LI Wei,XUE Xiangyang,LU Peizhong.Localized audio watermarking technique robust against time-scale modification[J].IEEE Trans.on Multimedia,2006,8(1):60-69.[14] XIANG S J,HUANG J W.Histogram-based audio watermarking against time-scale modification and cropping attacks[J].IEEE Trans.on Multimedia,2007,9(7):1357-1372.[15] PARK C M,THAPA D,WANG G N.Speech authentication system using digital watermarking and pattern recovery[J].Pattern Recognition Letters,2007,28:931-938.[16] 孙圣和,牛夏牧,陆哲明.数字水印技术及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.[17] WANG Xiangyang,ZHAO Hong.A novel synchronization invariant audio watermarking scheme based on DWT and DCT[J].IEEE Trans.on signal Processing,2006,54(12):4835-4840.[18] SWANSON M D,ZHU B,TEWFIK A H,et al.Robust audio watermarking using perceptual masking[J].Signal Processing,1998,66(3):337-355.[19] BARAS C,MOREAU N,DYMARSKI P.Controlling the inaudibility and maximizing the robustness in an audio annotation watermarking system[J].IEEE Trans.on Audio,Speech,and Language Processing,2006,14(5):1772-1782.[20] 全笑梅,张鸿宾.基于小波包域听觉感知分析的统计音频水印算法[J].电子学报,2007,35(4):673-678.QUAN Xiaomei,ZHANG Hongbin.Statistical audio watermarking algorithm based on auditory analysis in wavelet packet domain[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2007,35(4):673-678.[21] WANG Xiangyang,QI Wei,NIU Panpan.A new adaptive digital audio watermarking based on support vector regression[J].IEEE Trans.on Audio,Speech,and Language Processing,2007,15(8):2270-2277.[22] 项世军,黄继武,王永雄.一种抗D/A和A/D变换的音频水印算法[J].计算机学报,2006,29(2):208-316.XIANG Shijun,HUANG Jiwu,WANG Yonsxiong.An audio watermarking algorithm against the D/A and A/D conversions[J].Chinese Journal of Computers,2006,29(2):208-316.[23] ZHAO Yao,PAN Jengshang,ZHU Zhenfeng.RST resilient multi-bit image watermarking based on bitplane centroids[J].The Imaging Science Journal,2008,56(1):1-8.[24] KANG Xiangni,HUANG Jiwu,SHI Y Q.A DWT-DFI composite watermarking scheme robust to both affine transform and JPEG compression[J].IEEE Trans.on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology,2003,13(8):776-786.[25] ZHAO Haiyan,WANG Hongxia.Quadruple watermarking against geometrical attacks based on searching for vertexes[J].IEICE Trans.on fundamentals,2007,E90-A(6):1244-1247.[26] ZAIDI A,BOYER R,DUHAMEL P.Audio watermarking under desynchronizafion and additive noise attacks[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,2006,54(2):570-584.[27] KIM H J.Audio watermarking techniques[C]//Proceedings of the Pacific Rim Workshop on Digital Steganography.Kitakyushu:ACM Press,2003:1-17.[28] 冯涛,韩纪庆.双声道音频水印的同步及盲检测算法[J].通信学报,2006,27(10):62-68.FENG Tao,HAN Jiqing.Synchronization and blind detect algorithm for dual channel audio watermark[J].Journal on Communications,2006,27(10):62-68.[29] HERTANTO R N,FOO S W.Two-channel time-frequency audio watermarking[C]//International Conference on Information,Communications Signal Processing.Singapore:IEEE Press,2007:1-4.
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 2076
- HTML全文浏览量: 31
- PDF下载量: 402
- 被引次数: 0