Interpretation of Traffic Flow Breakdown with Density-Flow Model
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摘要: 用密度-流量关系模型解释交通流量陡降现象.为了解释交通流量陡降现象,提取了车头间距和驾驶员反应时间等驾驶行为共性参数.利用这些共性参数,建立了车流-回波速度、速度-密度和密度-流量关系模型.根据驾驶员在加速和减速时反应时间,计算了回波速度和密度-流量关系.计算结果表明,随驾驶员反应时间减少,回波速度峰值减小,流量峰值增大.驾驶员反应时间的变化是产生流量陡降现象的根本原因.Abstract: To interpret the phenomena of traffic flow breakdown,common parameters of driving behaviors,such as headways and drivers’ reaction time,etc.,were analyzed.Models were derived to describe the relationships between flow and wave speed,speed and density,and density and flow.The curves for the relationships were obtained under different reaction time of different drivers during acceleration or deceleration.The simulated results indicate that the maximum wave speed decreases and the peak flow value increases with a decrease in reaction time of drivers,and that the change in reaction time is the essential cause of traffic flow breakdown.
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Key words:
- density /
- flow /
- traffic flow breakdown /
- car-following model /
- wave speed /
- driving behavior
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