Abstract: The conceptof“adjacent train”was introduced to build a new model for train operation adjustmenton single-track railways based on their operational characteristics. Since the solution space of themodel is too large to be searchedwith conventionaloperational research (OR) technique, a new algorithm based on genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed. This algorithm divides themodel into sub- models according to the grades of a train followed by solving each sub-model with GA. Simulation results verify the effectiveness and real-time performances of the proposedmodel and algorithm.