Abstract: Spalling and wear behaviors of four kinds of wheel steels with different carbon concentrationswere investigated on JD-1 wheel-rail simulating testmachine underHertzian contact condition. The results show tha,t with an increase in carbon concentration, thewear volume ofwheel decreases; but the degree of spalling increases with larger fragments; and decreasing carbon concentration alleviate spalling, but increaseswear volume of the specimens.