Abstract: A double fibermodel was proposed. The distribution of thermal residual stresses inδ- Al2O3 f/Al alloy composites and the effects of thermal residual stresses on the properties of the compositeswere calculatedwith a double fibermodel and elasto-plastic finite elementmethod. Tensile stress-strain curves of threeδ-Al2O3/Al alloy composites were obtained with the effect of thermal residual stresses taken into account and compared with the experimental results. The effects between neighboring fibers result in the changes in magnitude of thermal residual stresses, but have no influence on their space distribution. Reasonable consistencywas achieved between the simulated and experimental stress-strain curves forδ-Al2O3/Al-5. 5 Mg andδ-Al2O3/Al-5. 5 Zn composites, but therewas significant error in the simulated curves comparedwith the experimental results forδ-Al2O3/ Al-12 Si composite.