基于小波变换分析箱梁振动噪声的时频特性

张迅; 赵宇; 阮灵辉; 刘蕊; 李小珍

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20170768

基于小波变换分析箱梁振动噪声的时频特性

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20170768

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51778534，51978580）

详细信息

作者简介:
张迅（1985—），男，副教授，博士，研究方向为铁路桥梁减振降噪，E-mail：zhxunxun@swjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: U24; TB53
计量
- 文章访问数: 632
- HTML全文浏览量: 305
- PDF下载量: 16
- 被引次数: 17
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-12-01
- 修回日期: 2018-02-24
- 网络出版日期: 2018-09-14
- 刊出日期: 2020-02-01

Time-Frequency Characteristics of Box-Girder Vibration and Noise Based on Wavelet Transform

摘要

摘要: 为探讨列车激励引起箱梁振动噪声的时频特性，以32 m混凝土简支箱梁为例，现场实测箱梁各板件的振动和近场噪声，并采用小波变换结合MLP （modified Littlewood-Paley）小波基的方法进行信号处理. 引入小波脊线和小波能量比两个指标对信号的时频特性进行定量分析，在此基础上，探讨了行车速度和行车方向的影响规律. 研究结果表明：相比Morlet小波和Mexihat小波，MLP小波更清晰地刻画箱梁振动噪声在时-频两域的局部集中特性；箱梁噪声比振动的频变程度要小，且前者的小波能量在频域上更为集中；翼板振动和腹板振动的频变特性分别对行车速度和行车方向敏感；45～60 Hz范围是箱梁噪声控制的关键频率范围.
- 箱梁 /
- 振动 /
- 噪声 /
- 时频特性 /
- 小波变换
Abstract: In order to explore time-frequency characteristics of train-induced box-girder vibration and noise, a simply-supported concrete box-girder with a span of 32 m was selected as the case, the vibration and near-field noise of the box-girder slabs were measured, and the signals were processed by using wavelet transform with the modified Littlewood-Paley (MLP) wavelet basis. Two indexes of wavelet ridge curve and wavelet energy ratio were introduced to quantitatively analyze time-frequency characteristics. On this basis, how train speed and driving direction affect time-frequency characteristics were discussed. The results show that compared with the Morlet basis and the Mexihat basis, the MLP basis can better depict the localization of box-girder vibration and noise in both time and frequency domains. Box-girder noise has less variation in frequency than the vibration, and the former’s wavelet energy is more concentrated in frequency domain. The variation of flange vibration and web vibration in frequency domain are sensitive to train speed and driving direction, respectively. The frequency range of 45 to 60 Hz is vital for box-girder noise mitigation.
- box-girder /
- vibration /
- noise /
- time-frequency characteristic /
- wavelet transform

HTML全文

图 1 跨中横断面测点布置（单位：m）

Figure 1. Layout of measuring points at mid-span (unit: m)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同小波基处理得到的时频分布

Figure 2. Time-frequency distribution obtained by different wavelet basis functions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 振动加速度的时频分布

Figure 3. Time-frequency distribution of vibration accelerations

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 声压的时频分布图

Figure 4. Time-frequency distribution of sound pressures

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 振动加速度和声压的小波脊线

Figure 5. Wavelet ridge curves of acceleration and sound pressure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 振动加速度和声压的小波能量比

Figure 6. Wavelet energy ratios of acceleration and sound pressure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 行车速度对小波脊线的影响

Figure 7. Influence of train speed on wavelet ridge curves

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 近轨120 km/h下翼板振动的时频分布

Figure 8. Time-frequency distribution of flange vibration at near-track side at train speed of 120 km/h

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 行车速度对小波能量比的影响

Figure 9. Influence of train speed on wavelet energy ratios

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 行车方向对小波脊线的影响

Figure 10. Influence of train driving direction on wavelet ridge curves

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 行车方向对小波能量比的影响

Figure 11. Influence of train driving direction on wavelet energy ratios

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(14)

THOMPSON D J. Railway noise and vibration: mechanisms, modeling and means of control[M]. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2009: 359-395.

LI X Z, ZHANG X, ZHANG Z J, et al. Experimental research on noise emanating from concrete box-girder bridges on intercity railway lines[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part F:Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 2015, 229(2): 125-135. doi: 10.1177/0954409713503459

尹镪,蔡成标,陈兆玮. 基于瞬态边界元法的箱梁声辐射[J]. 西南交通大学学报,2015,50(6): 1100-1105. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2015.06.018

YIN Qiang, CAI Chengbiao, CHEN Zhaowei. Characteristics analysis of sound radiation of box girder based on transit boundary element method[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2015, 50(6): 1100-1105. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2015.06.018

李克冰,张楠,夏禾,等. 高速铁路32 m简支槽形梁桥结构噪声分析[J]. 中国铁道科学,2015,36(4): 52-59. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2015.04.09

LI Kebing, ZHANG Nan, XIA He, et al. Analysis on structure-borne noise of 32 m simply-supported trough girder bridge for high speed railway[J]. China Railway Science, 2015, 36(4): 52-59. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2015.04.09

ZHANG X, LI X Z, HAO H, et al. A case study of interior low-frequency noise from box-shaped bridge girders induced by running trains:its mechanism,prediction and countermeasures[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2016, 367(4): 129-144. doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2016.01.004

SONG X D, LI Q, WU D J. Prediction of rail and bridge noise in near- and far-field:a combined 2.5-dimensional and two-dimensional method[J]. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 2017, 139(1): 011007. doi: 10.1115/1.4034769

刘林芽,曾峰,许代言,等. 多特征频率下槽形梁面板综合声学贡献量分析[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报,2017,14(1): 204-210.

LIU Linya, ZENG Feng, XU Daiyan, et al. Application of integrated panel acoustics contribution theory in the study of simply-supported trough girder under multi-characteristic frequency[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2017, 14(1): 204-210.

罗文俊,程龙. 城市轨道交通单线U型梁振动与噪声分析[J]. 铁道工程学报,2017(5): 89-93. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2106.2017.05.016

LUO Wenjun, Cheng Long. Vibration and noise analysis of single line U beam in urban rail transit[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2017(5): 89-93. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2106.2017.05.016

DENG Y Q, XIAO X B, HE B, et al. Analysis of external noise spectrum of high-speed railway[J]. Journal of Central South University, 2014, 21(12): 4753-4761. doi: 10.1007/s11771-014-2485-3

陈双喜,林建辉,陈建政. 基于希尔伯特-黄变换提取车桥耦合系统时频特性[J]. 振动与冲击,2012,31(15): 175-179. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3835.2012.15.033

CHEN Shuangxi, LIN Jianhui, CHEN Jianzheng. Time-frequency characteristics extraction of vehicle-track coupling system based on Hilbert-Huang transform[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2012, 31(15): 175-179. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3835.2012.15.033

CANTERO D, ÜLKER-KAUSTELL M, KAROUMI R. Time-frequency analysis of railway bridge response in forced vibration[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2016, 76/77: 518-530. doi: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2016.01.016

葛哲学, 陈仲生. MATLAB时频分析技术及其应用[M]. 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2006: 9-15.

黄冬梅,周实,任伟新. 基于小波变换的时变及典型非线性振动系统识别[J]. 振动与冲击,2014,33(11): 123-129,147.

HUANG Dongmei, ZHOU Shi, REN Weixin. Parameter identification of time-varying and typical nonlinear vibration system based on wavelet transform[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2014, 33(11): 123-129,147.

LI Q, WU D J. Analysis of the dominant vibration frequencies of rail bridges for structure-borne noise using a power flow method[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2013, 332(18): 4153-4163. doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2013.02.036

施引文献

期刊类型引用(12)

1.	马宏彬. 基于声学特征与孤立森林的火灾检测方法研究. 电声技术. 2025(01): 194-196 . 百度学术
2.	史帅彬. 基于数字孪生技术的电站输出电压智能监测系统设计. 粘接. 2024(08): 180-183 . 百度学术
3.	牛道安，魏子龙，孙宪夫，杨飞，柯在田. 小半径曲线钢轨波磨激扰下列车车内振动噪声特性. 交通运输工程学报. 2023(01): 143-155 . 百度学术
4.	朱洪林，宋帅，吴昱东，杨明亮，税永波，丁渭平. 基于时频感知加权的车辆路面冲击声品质评价. 西南交通大学学报. 2023(02): 296-303 . 本站查看
5.	孟建军，徐妍琰，李德仓，王鑫健. 基于两种NN的CRH3动车组辅助逆变器故障诊断. 计算机仿真. 2023(04): 153-159 . 百度学术
6.	李波，胡哿郗，石剑钧，刘恒畅，洪涛. 基于多惩罚因子优化VMD的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法. 系统工程与电子技术. 2023(11): 3690-3698 . 百度学术
7.	杨丽华，鄂晶晶，冯锋. 混合云环境下多维数据安全去重算法研究. 计算机仿真. 2023(12): 543-547 . 百度学术
8.	吴利锋，吕勇，袁锐，朱熹，游俊. 改进的正弦辅助多元经验模式分解及其在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用. 中国机械工程. 2022(11): 1336-1344 . 百度学术
9.	张迅，李茜，郝晨曦，游颖川，陈伟杰，蒲潏，徐煜进. 现代有轨电车不同轨道的振动传递特性试验研究. 西南交通大学学报. 2021(01): 75-83 . 本站查看
10.	熊晓峰，项鑫. 小波分析在地铁隧道安全监测中的应用. 河南科学. 2021(10): 1570-1574 . 百度学术
11.	张迅，曹智扬，孔德睿，刘子琦，郝晨曦. 钢箱梁的声振特性及影响因素研究. 中国公路学报. 2021(11): 142-152 . 百度学术
12.	王泽伦，高洪鑫，于师建，王永申. 超磁致伸缩声波震源的时频特征与实测研究. 煤田地质与勘探. 2020(05): 225-231 . 百度学术