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Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University  > 2026  > Accepted Manuscript
WANG Hao, ZHANG Zutao, CUI Shuyan, YANG Lin, ZOU Rui, KONG Lingji. Review on Distributed Energy Harvesting Technology for Small Unmanned Carrier Vehicles[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20250475
Citation: WANG Hao, ZHANG Zutao, CUI Shuyan, YANG Lin, ZOU Rui, KONG Lingji. Review on Distributed Energy Harvesting Technology for Small Unmanned Carrier Vehicles[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20250475
shu

Review on Distributed Energy Harvesting Technology for Small Unmanned Carrier Vehicles

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20250475
  • 1.

    School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China

  • 2.

    School of Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China

  • Received Date: 22 Sep 2025
  • Rev Recd Date: 26 Dec 2025
    • Available Online: 02 Nov 2026
    Abstract

  • To meet the requirements for long endurance and high autonomy of small unmanned carrier vehicles (unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned ground vehicles, and unmanned surface vehicles), distributed energy harvesting technology has become a crucial approach to overcoming energy supply bottlenecks. First, the basic principles of distributed energy harvesting technologies were reviewed, mainly covering the conversion mechanisms and key material advances of ambient energy sources such as solar, wind, vibration, and wave energy. Then, the structural integration and application characteristics of photovoltaic, electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and triboelectric harvesting technologies in typical scenarios involving unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned ground vehicles, and unmanned surface vehicles were deeply analyzed. The research status of multi-source hybrid harvesting and self-powered systems was summarized, and key challenges, such as great conversion efficiency fluctuations due to environmental conditions, low system integration, and the lack of unified evaluation standards, were highlighted. Finally, the technological evolution trends centering on multi-source fusion and intelligent scheduling were discussed, and a design paradigm based on the “intelligent energy internet” was proposed, outlining the future development direction of converting discrete ambient energy into a stable supply through cross-platform collaboration and data-driven optimization.

     

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