Effect of Phase Change Materials on Thermal Properties of Ceramsite Foam Concrete
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摘要:
为探究相变材料对陶粒泡沫混凝土热工性能的影响，选用固-固相变材料（SS）和相变微胶囊（MC）制备相变储能陶粒泡沫混凝土（PCESLFC），研究不同相变材料（PCM）掺量对陶粒泡沫混凝土导热系数、比热容、相变温度和相变潜热的影响；通过混凝土板传热试验分析PCESLFC的保温隔热性能，并搭建微型试验房，评估其在自然环境下的温控性能. 研究结果表明，掺入相变微胶囊有效降低了陶粒泡沫混凝土的导热系数，并提高了比热容，MC-100%组的导热系数较对照组降低18.16%，比热容增加21.1%；而固-固相变材料对陶粒泡沫混凝土的热工性能提升作用有限；通过差式扫描量热仪（DSC）发现相变微胶囊陶粒泡沫混凝土具有更高的相变潜热，其中，MC-100%组的相变潜热为9.08 J/g，较SS-100%提升7.32%；温度阻尼系数计算显示，加入固-固相变材料对陶粒泡沫混凝土的保温隔热效果远小于加入相变微胶囊组；通过监测微型试验房温度，PCESLFC试验房最高温出现时间较CTR组延迟20 min，峰值温度降低0.8 ℃，最低温出现时间同样延迟20 min，谷值温度提高0.4 ℃. 相变微胶囊陶粒泡沫混凝土具有优异的温控性能，可用于建筑的围护体系.
Abstract:To investigate the effect of phase change materials (PCMs) on the thermal properties of ceramsite foam concrete, phase change energy storage ceramsite lightweight foam concrete, namely PCESLFC was prepared by using solid–solid phase change material (SS) and phase change microencapsule (MC). The effects of different PCM dosages on the thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, phase change temperature, and phase change enthalpy of the ceramsite foam concrete were studied. A concrete panel heat transfer test was conducted to evaluate the thermal insulation property of PCESLFC, and a miniature test house was constructed to assess its thermal regulation property under natural environments. The results show that the incorporation of MC effectively reduces the thermal conductivity and increases the specific heat capacity of the ceramsite foam concrete. The MC-100% group exhibits a reduction of 18.16% in thermal conductivity and an increase of 21.1% in specific heat capacity compared to the control group. In contrast, the SS has limited enhancement effects on the thermal properties of the ceramsite foam concrete. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis reveals that the MC has a higher phase change enthalpy, with the MC-100% group achieving a phase change enthalpy of 9.08 J/g, which is 7.32% higher than that of the SS-100% group. Temperature damping coefficient calculations indicate that the thermal insulation property improvement of the ceramsite foam concrete in the SS group is significantly lower than that in the MC group. Temperature monitoring in the miniature test house shows that the occurrence time of peak temperature in the PCESLFC test house is delayed by 20 min, and the peak temperature reduces by 0.8 ℃ compared to that of the control group. The occurrence time of minimum temperature is delayed by 20 min, and the valley temperature increases by 0.4 ℃. MC shows excellent thermal regulation properties to ceramsite foam concrete, making it suitable for building envelope systems.
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图 5 相变材料对陶粒泡沫混凝土导热系数的影响
Figure 5. Effect of PCMs on thermal conductivity of ceramsite foam concrete
图 11 相变微胶囊陶粒泡沫混凝土传热机理
Figure 11. Heat transfer mechanism of ceramsite foam concrete with MC
图 12 试验房墙面中心点温度变化
Figure 12. Temperature variation at center point of wall surface in test house
表 1 微米蛋白发泡剂性能
Table 1. Properties of micron-scale protein-based foaming agent
密度/
（kg·m−3）含固量/% PH 值 发泡倍数 导热系数/
（W·（ m·K）−1）1.10 39.6 7 30 0.068 
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表 2 相变材料基本性能
Table 2. Basic properties of PCMs
相变材料类型 相变温度/℃ 相变潜热/（J·g−1） 导热系数/（W·（m·K）−1） 比热容/（J·（g·K）−1） 密度/（g·cm−3） 固-固相变材料 25 178 3.00 2.0 0.5 相变微胶囊 28 185 0.18 2.4 0.8
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表 3 相变储能陶粒泡沫混凝土试验工况
Table 3. Experimental conditions of PCESLFC
编号 水泥/（kg·m−3） 河砂/（kg·m−3） 陶粒/（L·m−3） 发泡剂/（kg·m−3） 水/（kg·m−3） 固-固相变/（kg·m−3） 相变微胶囊/（kg·m−3） CTR 345.0 38.0 500.0 43.3 96 0 0 SS-50 345.0 38.0 500.0 43.3 98.3 19.0 0 SS-75 345.0 38.0 500.0 43.3 101.8 28.5 0 SS-100 345.0 38.0 500.0 43.3 106.9 38.0 0 MC-50 345.0 38.0 500.0 43.3 103.5 0 19.0 MC-75 345.0 38.0 500.0 43.3 108.7 0 28.5 MC-100 345.0 38.0 500.0 43.3 115.6 0 38.0
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表 4 试件干密度与导热系数对照
Table 4. Comparison of dry density and thermal conductivity of specimens
编号 干密度 （kg·m−3） 密度等级 自然状态λ/（W·（m·K）−1） λ6% = 1.25λ/（W·（m·K）−1） A10 限值 （λ≤0.27） 判定 CTR 1000 A10 0.2451 0.306 0.27 不符合 SS-50 1006 A10 0.2572 0.322 0.27 不符合 SS-75 1010 A10 0.2786 0.348 0.27 不符合 SS-100 1014 A10 0.3082 0.385 0.27 不符合 MC-50 994 A10 0.2217 0.277 0.27 临界 MC-75 988 A10 0.2108 0.264 0.27 符合 MC-100 982 A10 0.2006 0.251 0.27 符合
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表 5 陶粒泡沫混凝DSC测试结果
Table 5. DSC test result of ceramsite foam concrete
组别 吸热 放热 起始
温度/℃结束
温度/℃峰值
温度/℃相变潜热/
（J·g−1）起始
温度/℃结束
温度/℃峰值
温度/℃相变潜热/
（J·g−1）SS-50% 22.74 27.24 25.17 3.10 21.91 17.74 20.40 2.61 SS-75% 22.20 27.01 25.04 5.72 21.44 17.20 19.87 5.32 SS-100% 21.31 27.23 24.73 8.48 21.23 17.06 19.65 7.38 MC-50% 24.93 28.52 25.87 3.29 23.87 21.34 23.36 3.01 MC-75% 24.89 28.89 26.93 6.21 24.70 21.29 23.43 5.98 MC-100% 24.59 29.15 26.84 9.08 24.41 21.29 23.53 7.51
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