Finite element analysis on layered mechanical properties of carbon fiber wires under influence of temperature
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摘要:
为探明温度对碳纤维导线分层力学特性的影响，考虑拐点温度，利用电热模块施加不同电压得到多种温度，并计算分析不同温度和拉断力条件下碳纤维导线的各层、各股和各截面应力应变分布. 研究结果表明：拐点温度后，碳芯受到正向应力但铝绞线承受负向应力，使碳纤维导线失去了承担拉断力的作用；各股线的最大应力和应变均出现在线的两端，倒角位置的应力和应变结果略大于对应股线主体上的应力；碳纤维导线各个截面的最大应力均为正值，均出现在碳芯上，其靠近外力施加端截面的最大应力出现突然下降的现象；碳纤维导线更适用于各种温度条件，但应注意导线两端夹持位置和梯形截面中小截面的力学特性变化.
Abstract:In order to clarify the effect of temperature on the layered mechanical properties of carbon fiber wires, while the critical temperature is considered, the gravitational strain distributions of each wire layer, strand and section in the breaking force conditions are calculated at temperatures driven by different voltages of an electric heating. The results show that, above the critical temperature, the carbon core is subjected to positive stress and the aluminum strand to a negative stress, making the wire unable to bear the breaking force. The maximum stress and strain of each strand appear at both ends of the wire, and the stress and strain at the chamfer position are slightly larger than the stress on the main body of the strand. The maximum stress at each wire cross-section is positive and occurs at the core, and near the end where the force acts it drops sharply. Carbon fiber wires are more suitable for various temperatures, but the changes in the mechanical characteristics at the clamping position at wire ends and at the small and medium trapezoidal sections need more exploration.
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图 1 拐点温度和分层应力应变求解过程
Figure 1. Process of solving critical temperature and layered stress and strain
图 2 不同控制气象条件下的拐点张力和拐点温度
Figure 2. Critical tensions and critical temperatures under different meteorological conditions
图 3 弦割法计算碳纤维导线分层应力应变流程
Figure 3. Flowchart of layered stress and strain calculation with secant method for carbon fiber wires
图 7 碳纤维导线与钢芯铝绞线力学特性对比
Figure 7. Comparison of mechanical properties between carbon fiber wires and steel-cored aluminum strands
表 1 JRLX/F1B-240/30碳纤维导线的参数
Table 1. Parameters of carbon fiber wire JRLX/F1B-240/30
参数 取值 参数 取值 标称总截面积/mm2 246.4 导线弹性模量/（N·mm−2） 117 标称铝截面积/mm2 218.4 碳芯弹性模量/（N·mm−2） 65 标称环形铝
面积/mm2234.8 导线线膨胀系数
/（×10−6 ℃）12.9 导线计算外径/mm 18.29 碳芯线膨胀系数/
（×10−6 ℃）1.6 碳芯直径/mm 5.97 导线结构重量/（kg·km−1） 714.1 内层铝线根数/根 6 导线额定拉断力/kN 73.2 外层铝线根数/根 10 
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表 2 ANSYS仿真和MATLAB求解温度及相对误差
Table 2. Temperature results and relative errors from ANSYS and MATLAB
电压/
VANSYS
温度/℃MATLAB 求解
温度/℃相对
误差/%0.00576 40.38 39.26 2.78 0.01070 80.32 80.89 −0.71 0.01430 120.92 120.82 0.08 0.01689 160.78 159.92 0.53
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表 3 ANSYS和MATLAB最大应力数据
Table 3. Stress data from ANSYS and MATLAB
工况 ANSYS/
MPaMATLAB/
MPa相对误差/
%40℃，15%RRTS 149.14 129.66 13.06 80℃，15%RRTS 591.81 529.90 10.46 120℃，15%RRTS 824.53 778.73 5.55 160℃，15%RRTS 981.04 941.99 3.98 40℃，25%RRTS 222.45 187.34 15.78 80℃，25%RRTS 664.81 585.80 11.88 120℃，25%RRTS 897.53 851.28 5.15 160℃，25%RRTS 1054.00 1040.44 1.29 40℃，35%RRTS 297.14 263.71 11.25 80℃，35%RRTS 737.81 667.56 9.52 120℃，35%RRTS 970.53 946.98 2.43 160℃，35%RTS 1127.00 1119.38 0.68
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表 4 ANSYS和MATLAB最大应变数据
Table 4. Strain data from ANSYS and MATLAB
工况 ANSYS MATLAB 相对误差/% 40℃，15%RRTS 1.0493 0.8869 15.48 80℃，15%RRTS 2.4572 2.2230 9.53 120℃，15%RRTS 3.4129 3.2251 5.50 160℃，15%RRTS 3.9450 3.8106 3.41 40℃，25%RRTS 1.7933 1.4836 17.27 80℃，25%RRTS 2.7760 2.5288 8.90 120℃，25%RRTS 3.7317 3.5314 5.37 160℃，25%RRTS 4.2659 4.1133 3.58 40℃，35%RRTS 2.5374 2.2045 13.12 80℃，35%RRTS 3.0948 2.9110 5.94 120℃，35%RRTS 4.0505 3.9642 2.13 160℃，35%RRTS 4.5869 4.4916 2.08
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表 5 LGJ-240/30型钢芯铝绞线相关参数
Table 5. Parameter of steel-cored aluminum strand LGJ-240/30
材料 根数/根，直径/mm 计算截面积/mm2 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 外径/mm 芯铝绞线温度膨胀系数/（×10−6 ℃） 铝 24，3.60 244.29 60 0.31 21.60 1.96 钢 7，2.40 31.67 206 0.28 合计 275.96
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表 6 不同温度及外力下碳纤维导线各层内力占比
Table 6. Proportion of internal forces in each layer of carbon fiber wires at different temperatures
% 外力 层数 40 ℃ 80 ℃ 120 ℃ 160 ℃ 15%RRTS 外层铝 39.70 −26.78 −61.42 −84.49 内层铝 23.32 −18.80 −40.83 −55.55 碳芯 36.98 145.58 202.26 240.04 25%RRTS 外层铝 41.91 2.09 −18.45 −32.41 内层铝 24.75 −0.49 −13.64 −22.45 碳芯 33.34 98.40 132.09 154.86 35%RRTS 外层铝 42.86 14.43 −0.35 −10.17 内层铝 25.36 7.34 −2.05 −8.32 碳芯 31.78 78.22 102.40 118.49
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